Chlorpyrifos toxicity and detoxifying enzymes activities in three native-aquatic species of macroinvertebrates from an agricultural area
BETSABÉ LARES,
JOSEFINA DEL BRIO,
LAURA PARRA-MORALES
et al.
Abstract:Non-target species from agricultural areas might be exposed to sublethal pesticide concentrations favoring survival and reproduction of the resistance individuals. The objective of this study was to evaluate chlorpyrifos toxicity and detoxification enzymatic activities on three species (Hyalella curvispina, Heleobia parchappii and Girardia tigrina) from a drain channel with history of insecticide contamination (EF) and the Neuquén river (NR) in Argentina. Chlorpyrifos toxicity on amphipods (H. curvispina)and p… Show more
Chlorpyrifos, an organophosphate insecticide widely used to control agricultural pests, poses a significant environmental threat due to its toxicity and persistence in soil and water. Our work aimed to evaluate the acute (survival) and chronic (regeneration, locomotion, and reproduction) toxicity of chlorpyrifos to the non-target freshwater planarian Girardia tigrina. The 48 h lethal concentration (LC50) of the commercial formulation, containing 480 g L−1 of chlorpyrifos, the active ingredient, was determined to be 622.8 µg a.i. L−1 for planarians. Sublethal effects were translated into a significant reduction in locomotion and delayed head regeneration (lowest observed effect concentration—LOEC = 3.88 µg a.i. L−1). Additionally, chlorpyrifos exposure did not affect planarian fecundity or fertility. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of chlorpyrifos-based insecticides to harm natural populations of freshwater planarians at environmentally relevant concentrations. The observed toxicity emphasizes the need for stricter regulations and careful management of chlorpyrifos usage to mitigate its deleterious effects on aquatic ecosystems. By understanding the specific impacts on non-target organisms like G. tigrina, we can make more informed suggestions regarding the usage and regulation of organophosphate insecticides, ultimately promoting sustainable agricultural practices and environmental conservation.
Chlorpyrifos, an organophosphate insecticide widely used to control agricultural pests, poses a significant environmental threat due to its toxicity and persistence in soil and water. Our work aimed to evaluate the acute (survival) and chronic (regeneration, locomotion, and reproduction) toxicity of chlorpyrifos to the non-target freshwater planarian Girardia tigrina. The 48 h lethal concentration (LC50) of the commercial formulation, containing 480 g L−1 of chlorpyrifos, the active ingredient, was determined to be 622.8 µg a.i. L−1 for planarians. Sublethal effects were translated into a significant reduction in locomotion and delayed head regeneration (lowest observed effect concentration—LOEC = 3.88 µg a.i. L−1). Additionally, chlorpyrifos exposure did not affect planarian fecundity or fertility. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of chlorpyrifos-based insecticides to harm natural populations of freshwater planarians at environmentally relevant concentrations. The observed toxicity emphasizes the need for stricter regulations and careful management of chlorpyrifos usage to mitigate its deleterious effects on aquatic ecosystems. By understanding the specific impacts on non-target organisms like G. tigrina, we can make more informed suggestions regarding the usage and regulation of organophosphate insecticides, ultimately promoting sustainable agricultural practices and environmental conservation.
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