Chlorpyrifos pesticide promotes oxidative stress and increases inflammatory states in BV-2 microglial cells: A role in neuroinflammation

Weis, Grazielle Castagna Cezimbra; Assmann, Charles Elias; Mostardeiro, Vitor Bastianello; Alves, Audrei de Oliveira; Rosa, Jéssica Righi da; Pillat, Micheli Mainardi; Andrade, Cínthia Melazzo de; Schetinger, Maria Rosa Chitolina; Morsch, Vera Maria; Cruz, Ivana Beatrice Mânica da; Costabeber, Ijoni Hilda

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130417

Cited by 33 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Several in vitro studies have demonstrated the effects that pesticides have on the production of oxidative stress (Fu et al, 2019;Lungu-Mitea et al, 2018;Martínez et al, 2019Martínez et al, , 2020Weis et al, 2021). Various trials have shown that pesticides are capable of increasing the presence of cellular oxidative stress products such as MDA, ROS, and NO in cell cultures (Martínez et al, 2020;Romero et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurotoxicity associated with oxidative stress and inflammasome gene expression induced by allethrin in SH-SY5Y cells

et al. 2022

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Pyrethroids, including allethrin, have largely been used as commercial insecticides. The toxicity of allethrin is little known, but it is assumed that, as occurs with other pyrethroids, it could cause alterations of the nervous system and pose both occupational and non-occupational health hazards. To evaluate the neurotoxicity of allethrin we used the MTT assay of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells to determine cell viability. Dose-dependent reductions of cell viability served to compare the vehicle-group and the IC50 for allethrin, which was 49.19 μM. ROS production increased significantly at concentrations of 10–200 μM of allethrin, and NO levels were significantly increased by the effect of allethrin at a minimum concentration of 50 μM. Lipid peroxidation increased by the effect of allethrin at concentrations of 25, 50, 100, and 200 μM. Caspase 3/7 activity was induced by allethrin concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 μM. Here, we suggest that allethrin might affect the inflammasome complex (Caspase-1, NLRP3, and PYDC1) and apoptosis (Bax and Bcl-2) gene expression by mRNA fold change expression levels shown in Caspase-1 (2.46-fold), NLRP3 (1.57-fold), PYDC1 (1.48-fold), and Bax (2.1-fold). These results demonstrated that allethrin induced neurotoxicity effects on SH-SY5Y cells through activation of inflammasome pathways, cell death, and oxidative stress.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurotoxicity associated with oxidative stress and inflammasome gene expression induced by allethrin in SH-SY5Y cells

et al. 2022

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“…Pesticides exert an immunomodulatory effect by inducing macrophage activation and over-expression of inflammatory cytokines viz., TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 ( 63 , 69 , 70 ). The present study also reported higher inflammation in the form of increased in levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and cortisol among farm-workers when they have not used PPE, which are in agreement with studies conducted earlier ( 2 , 50 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of the use of personal-protective-equipment on the minimization of effects of exposure to pesticides among farm-workers in India

Lari

Yamagani

Pandiyan

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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IntroductionAlthough excessive use of pesticides and unsafe agricultural practices may contribute to numerous intoxications, the role of PPE (personal-protective-equipment) in the minimization of toxicological effects due to pesticide exposure has not been addressed so far. The present study aimed to assess the impact of the use of PPE on the minimization of effects of exposure to pesticides among farm-workers.MethodsA community-based follow-up study with questionnaire-based survey and field observations was undertaken among farm-workers (n = 180) of Rangareddy district, Telangana, India. Biomarkers of exposure such as cholinesterase activity, inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, cortisol, and hs-C reactive protein), nutrients (vitamins A, E), liver function (total protein and A/G ratio, AST and ALT levels) were investigated in the laboratory by following the standard protocols.ResultsFarm-workers who had a mean farming exposure of 18 years of and who neither followed safe pesticide handling practices nor used PPE and also showed reluctance to obey good agricultural practices (GAPs). Inhibition of AChE (acetylcholine esterase) with increased inflammation was found among farm-workers as compared to their respective normal values when they have not used PPE. Linear regression statistical analysis revealed a profound effect on inhibition in the AChE activity and various inflammatory markers with the increase in the duration of pesticide exposure. Further, there was no effect of the duration of pesticide exposure on the levels of vitamins A, E, ALT, AST, total protein, and A/G ratio. Further, intervention studies carried out on the use of PPE provided (commercially available and cost-effective) for 90 days showed a significant reduction in the biomarker levels (p < 0.01).ConclusionThis study demonstrated the importance of the use of PPE during pesticide applications and other agricultural tasks to minimize pesticide-associated adverse health effects.

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“…Though the exact mechanism of this phenomenon must be elucidated in details, existing literature allows for some speculations. It is well documented that CPS generates oxidative stress in treated cells [ 11 , 40 , 41 ]. Generation of oxidative stress likely depletes concentration of low molecular weight antioxidants, such as reduced glutathione, which are the first line of defense against ROS [ 42 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of chlorpyrifos exposure on UVB irradiation induced toxicity in human skin cells

Sawicki,

Matysiak-Kucharek,

Kruszewski

et al. 2023

J Occup Med Toxicol

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Background Although chlorpyrifos (CPS) has been banned in many developed countries, it still remains one of the best-selling pesticides in the world. Widespread environmental and occupational exposure to CPS pose a serious risk to human health. Another environmental factor that can adversely affect human health is ultraviolet radiation B (UVB, 280–315 nm wave length). Here we attempt determine if exposure to CPS can modify toxic effects of UVB. Such situation might be a common phenomenon in agriculture workers, where exposure to both factors takes place. Methods Two skin cell lines; namely human immortalized keratinocytes HaCaT and BJ human fibroblasts were used in this study. Cytotoxicity was investigated using a cell membrane damage detection assay (LDH Cytotoxicity Assay), a DNA damage detection assay (Comet Assay), an apoptosis induction detection assay (Apo-ONE Homogeneous Caspase-3/7 Assay) and a cell reactive oxygen species detection assay (ROS-Glo H2O2 assay). Cytokine IL-6 production was also measured in cells using an ELISA IL-6 Assay. Results Pre-incubation of skin cells with CPS significantly increased UVB-induced toxicity at the highest UVB doses (15 and 20 mJ/cm2). Also pre-exposure of BJ cells to CPS significantly increased the level of DNA damage, except for 20 mJ/cm2 UVB. In contrast, pre-exposure of HaCaT cells, to CPS prior to UVB radiation did not cause any significant changes. A decrease in caspase 3/7 activity was observed in HaCaT cells pre-exposed to 250 µM CPS and 5 mJ/cm2 UVB. Meanwhile, no statistically significant changes were observed in fibroblasts. In HaCaT cells, pre-exposure to CPS resulted in a statistically significant increase in ROS production. Also, in BJ cells, similar results were obtained except for 20 mJ/cm2. Interestingly, CPS seems to inhibited IL-6 production in HaCaT and BJ cells exposed to UVB (in the case of HaCaT cells for all UVB doses, while for BJ cells only at 15 and 20 mJ/cm2). Conclusions In conclusion, the present study indicates that CPS may contribute to the increased UVB-induced toxicity in skin cells, which was likely due to the induction of ROS formation along with the generation of DNA damage. However, further studies are required to gain better understanding of the mechanisms involved.

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Chlorpyrifos pesticide promotes oxidative stress and increases inflammatory states in BV-2 microglial cells: A role in neuroinflammation

Cited by 33 publications

References 69 publications

Neurotoxicity associated with oxidative stress and inflammasome gene expression induced by allethrin in SH-SY5Y cells

Neurotoxicity associated with oxidative stress and inflammasome gene expression induced by allethrin in SH-SY5Y cells

The impact of the use of personal-protective-equipment on the minimization of effects of exposure to pesticides among farm-workers in India

Influence of chlorpyrifos exposure on UVB irradiation induced toxicity in human skin cells

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