Chlorpyrifos Induces Metabolic Disruption by Altering Levels of Reproductive Hormones

Abstract

Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a widely used organophosphorus pesticide and detected frequently in fruits, vegetables, as well as in urine and blood in humans. Studies have suggested that CPF can induce metabolic disruption, such as type-2 diabetes mellitus and changed body weight. The main mechanisms are based on oxidative damage, fatty-acid synthesis, and lipid peroxidation. Studies have also shown that CPF can change reproductive hormone (RH) levels. CPF might result in metabolic disorders through altered RH levels. Here, we review the studies showing that CFP causes metabolic disruption. Then, we present the studies showing that CFP changes RH levels. Finally, we discuss a potential pathway of how CPF elicits metabolic disruption.

Urinary Organophosphate Metabolite Concentrations and Pregnancy Outcomes among Women Conceiving through in Vitro Fertilization in Shanghai, China

“…CPF, a typical diethylphosphate, is widely used as an insecticide in agriculture, accounting for 68% of the total current-use pesticides in China (Li et al 2014). The extensive application of CPF has resulted in environmental contamination, and it has been detected frequently in FV; 3,5,6-trichloro-2pyridinol (TCPY), a metabolite of CPF, was detected in human urine and blood (Li et al 2019;Liu et al 2014). Second, once entering the human body, OP can be enzymatically converted to their highly toxic oxon forms, which then react with available body cholinesterase.…”

“…2014 ). The extensive application of CPF has resulted in environmental contamination, and it has been detected frequently in FV; 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPY), a metabolite of CPF, was detected in human urine and blood ( Li et al. 2019 ; Liu et al.…”

Integrated Approach to Evaluate the Association between Exposure to Pesticides and Idiopathic Premature Thelarche in Girls: The PEACH Project

“…The impact of pesticides exposure on premature thelarche and precocious puberty, due to their endocrine disruptor characteristics, has been considered in some studies. Exposure of female rats to chlorpyrifos, increased LH, FSH and E2 serum levels, possibly due to an effect on anterior pituitary function [12]. Similarly, imidacloprid increased FSH and decreased LH and progesterone serum levels in treated female rats, probably due to an alteration in GnRH release, with consequences on ovary morphology [13].…”

Oxidative Stress and Analysis of Selected SNPs of ACHE (rs 2571598), BCHE (rs 3495), CAT (rs 7943316), SIRT1 (rs 10823108), GSTP1 (rs 1695), and Gene GSTM1, GSTT1 in Chronic Organophosphates Exposed Groups from Cameroon and Pakistan

“…Epidemiological studies have found that pesticide exposure may result in metabolic disorders, infertility, neurological problems, or weak immune system. Insecticides have also been linked to human DNA damage, multiple degenerative diseases, and cancer [3][4][5]. Organophosphates (OPs) are one of the widely used pesticides (more than 50% of world consumption) globally and their use is expected to increase even more in coming years, with the direct consequence of increased health problems [6,7].…”