Chlorpromazine for schizophrenia: a Cochrane systematic review of 50 years of randomised controlled trials

Adams, Clive E; Rathbone, John; Thornley, Ben; Clarke, Mike; Borrill, Jo; Wahlbeck, Kristian; Awad, A. George

doi:10.1186/1741-7015-3-15

Cited by 43 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Chlorpromazine is a phenothiazine drug, primarily used as a psychotropic agent since the 1950's, with a low toxicity (73)(74)(75). Its toxicity has been well documented and therefore, it has been employed as a standard in toxicity assays (74)(75)(76).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Contrast Agents Targeted to Macrophage Scavenger Receptors for MRI of Vascular Inflammation

2006

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Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of death in the U.S. Because there is a potential to prevent coronary and arterial diseases through early diagnosis, there is a need for methods to image arteries in the subclinical stage as well as clinical stage using various non-invasive techniques, including Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). We describe a development of a novel MRI contrast agent targeted to plaques that will allow imaging of lesion formation. The contrast agent is directed to macrophages, one of the earliest components of developing plaques. Macrophages are labeled through the macrophage scavenger receptor A, a macrophage specific cell surface protein, using an MRI contrast agent derived from scavenger receptor ligands. We have synthesized and characterized these contrast agents with a range of relaxivities. In vitro studies show that the targeted contrast agent accumulates in macrophages and solution studies indicate that micromolar concentrations are sufficient to produce contrast in an MR image. Cell toxicity and initial biodistribution studies indicate low toxicity, no detectable retention in normal blood vessels, and rapid clearance from blood. The promising performance of this contrast agent targeted towards vascular inflammation opens doors to tracking of other inflammatory diseases such as tumor immunotherapy and transplant acceptance using MRI.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Contrast Agents Targeted to Macrophage Scavenger Receptors for MRI of Vascular Inflammation

2006

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“…CPZ is on the World Health Organization list of essential drugs and, until recently, it was common practice for anyone with schizophrenia to have been treated with CPZ at some point [180]. CPZ is a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist, which can suppress the positive symptoms of schizophrenia.…”

Section: New Insights In the Role Of Daao In Human Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological functions of D-amino acid oxidases: from yeast to humans

Pollegioni

Piubelli

Sacchi

et al. 2007

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

319

304

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D-Amino acid oxidase (DAAO) is a FAD-containing flavoenzyme that catalyzes the oxidative deamination of D-isomers of neutral and polar amino acids. This enzymatic activity has been identified in most eukaryotic organisms, the only exception being plants. In the various organisms in which it does occur, DAAO fulfills distinct physiological functions: from a catabolic role in yeast cells, which allows them to grow on D-amino acids as carbon and energy sources, to a regulatory role in the human brain, where it controls the levels of the neuromodulator D-serine. Since 1935, DAAO has been the object of an astonishing number of investigations and has become a model for the dehydrogenase-oxidase class of flavoproteins. Structural and functional studies have suggested that specific physiological functions are implemented through the use of different structural elements that control access to the active site and substrate/product exchange. Current research is attempting to delineate the regulation of DAAO functions in the contest of complex biochemical and physiological networks.

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“…Chlorpromazine is a frequently prescribed medication for treatment of various psychotic disorders [1]. Induced agranulocytosis is a rare, yet life-threatening adverse effect of chlorpromazine [10, 11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chlorpromazine is a phenothiazine derivative and one of the first generation typical antipsychotics, frequently used in the management of schizophrenia [1]. Agranulocytosis is one of the rare, yet life-threating side effects of phenothiazines and particularly chlorpromazine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe Agranulocytosis following Simultaneous Administration of Chlorpromazine and Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole in a Patient with Sepsis: A Possible Toxic Combination

Jha

Ghoz

James

2016

Case Reports in Medicine

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Background. Chlorpromazine and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) are two commonly prescribed medications by physicians. Either of those medications could cause fatal drug-induced agranulocytosis, with an unclear underlying mechanism. The likelihood of simultaneous prescription of both medications is high and could hypothetically result in severe agranulocytosis that is resistant to treatment. Case Presentation. We are presenting a case of a patient with psychosis on chlorpromazine who was prescribed TMP/SMX for a urinary tract infection. Consequently, the patient developed severe agranulocytosis and septicemia. Patient was managed by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; however, the time to neutrophil recovery was delayed when compared to the average reported time published by previous studies. Conclusions. Simultaneous use of chlorpromazine and TMP/SMX is a possible toxic combination that could induce severe agranulocytosis. Further reports are needed to confirm this observation.

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Chlorpromazine for schizophrenia: a Cochrane systematic review of 50 years of randomised controlled trials

Cited by 43 publications

References 21 publications

Development of Contrast Agents Targeted to Macrophage Scavenger Receptors for MRI of Vascular Inflammation

Development of Contrast Agents Targeted to Macrophage Scavenger Receptors for MRI of Vascular Inflammation

Physiological functions of D-amino acid oxidases: from yeast to humans

Severe Agranulocytosis following Simultaneous Administration of Chlorpromazine and Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole in a Patient with Sepsis: A Possible Toxic Combination

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