Chlorpromazine Dose for People With Schizophrenia

Dudley, Katharine; Liu, Xiaomeng; Haan, Saskia De

doi:10.1093/schbul/sbp014

Cited by 27 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Cholestasis is a prevalent form of chronic liver disease characterized as a consequence of disturbed hepatocellular secretion of bile, impaired bile formation, and slow bile flow [ 1 ]. Chlorpromazine (CPZ), a member of the largest class of first-generation phenothiazine anti-psychotic drugs, is a primary drug in psychiatric treatment [ 2 ]. The hepatoxicity of CPZ should not be ignored during its therapeutic use [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlorpromazine-induced perturbations of bile acids and free fatty acids in cholestatic liver injury prevented by the Chinese herbal compound Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang

Yang

Tang

et al. 2015

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundsYin-Chen-Hao-Tang (YCHT), a commonly used as a traditional chinese medicine for liver disease. Several studies indicated that YCHT may improving hepatic triglyceride metabolism and anti-apoptotic response as well as decreasing oxidative stress .However, little is known about the role of YCHT in chlorpromazine (CPZ) –induced chlolestatic liver injury. Therefore, we aimed to facilitate the understanding of the pathogenesis of cholestatic liver injury and evaluate the effect of Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang (YCHT) on chlorpromazine (CPZ)-induced cholestatic liver injury in rats based on the change of bile acids (BAs) and free fatty acids (FFAs) alone with the biochemical indicators and histological examination.MethodsWe conducted an experiment on CPZ-induced cholestatic liver injury in Wistar rats with and without YCHT for nine consecutive days. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin (ALB), total bilirubin (TBIL), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured to evaluate the protective effect of YCHT against chlorpromazine (CPZ)-induced cholestatic liver injury. Histopathology of the liver tissue showed that pathological injuries were relieved after YCHT pretreatment. In addition, ultra-performance lipid chromatography coupled with quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was applied to determine the content of bile acids, free fatty acids, respectively.ResultsObtained data showed that YCHT attenuated the effect of CPZ-induced cholestatic liver injury, which was manifested by the serum biochemical parameters and histopathology of the liver tissue. YCHT regulated the lipid levels as indicated by the reversed serum levels of TC, TG, and LDL-C. YCHT also regulated the disorder of BA and FFA metabolism by CPZ induction.ConclusionsResults indicated that YCHT exerted a protective effect on CPZ-induced cholestasis liver injury. The variance of BA and FFA concentrations can be used to evaluate the cholestatic liver injury caused by CPZ and the hepatoprotective effect of YCHT.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlorpromazine-induced perturbations of bile acids and free fatty acids in cholestatic liver injury prevented by the Chinese herbal compound Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang

Yang

Tang

et al. 2015

BMC Complement Altern Med

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“…39,40 Moreover, there is evidence that this information has impacted clinical practice. Reports over the last decade have indicated that antipsychotic doses are actually declining, 41,42 and treatment guidelines are now advocating much lower antipsychotic doses. [43][44][45] Practice patterns have changed so dramatically that we now have to revisit what constitutes maintenance dosing, as we no longer routinely employ high doses in the earliest stages of treatment.…”

Section: Translating D 2 Occupancy To Antipsychotic Dosingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antipsychotic dosing: found in translation

Remington

Fervaha

Foussias

et al. 2014

J Psychiatry Neurosci

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“…Those with schizophrenia have a large probability for recrudescent psychiatric problems and disabilities in social and professional situations and have a reduced life expectancy and an increased likelihood of health care spending (Akinsulore et al, ; Atun, ; Carmona, Gómez‐Benito, Huedo‐Medina, & Rojo, ; Chesney, Goodwin, & Fazel, ; Mayer‐Amberg, Woltmann, & Walther, ). The emergence of antipsychotic drugs in the 1950s, following the finding that chlorpromazine could reduce psychotic episodes, gave those afflicted with psychiatric diseases the first real chance to live normal lives (Abbott, Jaramillo, Wilcox, & Hamilton, ; Adams et al, ; Haan & Liu, ; Shohamy et al, ). As the symptoms of schizophrenia were intermittent, long‐term drug therapy was needed to successfully combat the disease (Heilbronner, Samara, Leucht, Falkai, & Schulze, ; Novick, Montgomery, Treuer, Moneta, & Haro, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%