Chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium vivax in Papua New Guinea

Schuurkamp, G J; Spicer, Paul E.; Kereu, Richard K.; Bulungol, Peter K.; Rieckmann, Karl H.

doi:10.1016/0035-9203(92)90531-g

Cited by 98 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Resistance to primaquine, quinine, proguanil, and pyrimethamine was reported in 1987 (160), and resistance to the 4-aminoquinolines was reported in 1989 among repatriated Australians from two different areas in the northern part of PNG (174,182). Other cases were reported from Nias Island in Indonesia in 1991 (183) and from Myanmar in 1992 to 1993 (140).…”

Section: Emergence Of Chloroquine-resistant P Vivaxmentioning

confidence: 99%

History, Dynamics, and Public Health Importance of Malaria Parasite Resistance

2004

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Despite considerable efforts, malaria is still one of the most devastating infectious diseases in the tropics. The rapid spread of antimalarial drug resistance currently compounds this grim picture. In this paper, we review the history of antimalarial drug resistance and the methods for monitoring it and assess the current magnitude and burden of parasite resistance to two commonly used drugs: chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine. Furthermore, we review the factors involved in the emergence and spread of drug resistance and highlight its public health importance. Finally, we discuss ways of dealing with such a problem by using combination therapy and suggest some of the research themes needing urgent answers

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Section: Emergence Of Chloroquine-resistant P Vivaxmentioning

confidence: 99%

History, Dynamics, and Public Health Importance of Malaria Parasite Resistance

2004

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“…Initially spreading through South America and Southeast Asia, chloroquine resistance by P. falciparum reached East Africa, from the east, in 1978 and had crossed the African continent by 1985 (15). Chloroquine resistance has also been found in P. vivax (159). Undoubtedly, the low cost of chloroquine and its ready availability contributed to the development of resistance (see below).…”

Section: Antimalarial Drugs and Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Current Status of Malaria and Potential for Control

2001

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Malaria remains one of the world's worst health problems with 1.5 to 2.7 million deaths annually; these deaths are primarily among children under 5 years of age and pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa. Of significance, more people are dying from malaria today than 30 years ago. This review considers the factors which have contributed to this gloomy picture, including those which relate to the vector, the female anopheline mosquito; to human activity such as creating new mosquito breeding sites, the impact of increased numbers of people, and how their migratory behavior can increase the incidence and spread of malaria; and the problems of drug resistance by the parasites to almost all currently available antimalarial drugs. In a selective manner, this review describes what is being done to ameliorate this situation both in terms of applying existing methods in a useful or even crucial role in control and prevention and in terms of new additions to the antimalarial armory that are being developed. Topics covered include biological control of mosquitoes, the use of insecticide-impregnated bed nets, transgenic mosquitoes manipulated for resistance to malaria parasites, old and new antimalarial drugs, drug resistance and how best to maintain the useful life of antimalarials, immunity to malaria and the search for antimalarial vaccines, and the malaria genome project and the potential benefits to accrue from it

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“…The emergence of resistance to CQ and the failing efficacy of PQ regimens in preventing relapses have raised great concerns in the control of P. vivax malaria. 9,10 Clinical CQ-resistant (CQR) P. vivax was first reported from Papua New Guinea in 1989, 11,12 followed by multiple reports from Indonesia, [13][14][15] Myanmar, 16,17 India, 18,19 Guyana, 20 Brazil, 21,22 Colombia, 23 and more recently in Ethiopia 24 and South Korea. 25 Continued surveillance of P. vivax drug resistance may detect CQR P. vivax parasites in most of its geographic range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro Anti-Malarial Drug Susceptibility of Temperate Plasmodium vivax from Central China

Lu¹,

Gao²,

Chotivanich³

et al. 2011

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. In the face of recent increase of Plasmodium vivax malaria in central China, we conducted a study to evaluate in vitro susceptibility of temperate-zone P. vivax parasites to antimalarial drugs. During 2005During -2006, in vitro drug susceptibility was measured for 42 clinical P. vivax isolates by using a schizont maturation inhibition technique. Geometric means of 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC 50 s) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were 10.87 (4.50-26.26) ng/mL for chloroquine, 4.21 (1.88-9.42-8) ng/mL for mefloquine, 11.82 (6.20-22.56) ng/mL for quinine, 0.13 (0.09-0.20) ng/mL for artesunate, 18.32 (8.08-41.50) ng/mL for pyrimethamine, and 17.73 (10.29-30.57) ng/mL for piperaquine. The IC 50 for chloroquine was lower than those obtained from isolates from Thailand and South Korea, suggesting that chloroquine remained effective against P. vivax malaria in central China. The results further indicated that temperate-zone P. vivax isolates from China were more susceptible to chloroquine, quinine, and mefloquine than isolates from Thailand.

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Chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium vivax in Papua New Guinea

Cited by 98 publications

References 5 publications

History, Dynamics, and Public Health Importance of Malaria Parasite Resistance

History, Dynamics, and Public Health Importance of Malaria Parasite Resistance

Current Status of Malaria and Potential for Control

In vitro Anti-Malarial Drug Susceptibility of Temperate Plasmodium vivax from Central China

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