Chloroquine-Induced Psychosis: A Case Report

Chaudhry, Hamzah E; Khan, Somieya; Jamil, Sidra; Shaik, Tanveer Ahamad; Ullah, Saad Ehsan; Bseiso, Anan; Sathish, Meenakshi; Saleem, Faraz; Ghaffari, Muhammad Abu Zar

doi:10.7759/cureus.30498

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…It exists on a complex continuum, which is experienced differently from one person to the next, with varying degrees of difficulty and distress and potentially very different social and clinical outcomes ( World Health Organization, 2024 ). Malaria has a complex psychological impact ( Tapajós et al, 2019 ; Pessoa et al, 2022 ; Nakitende et al, 2023 ), where both malaria and anti-malarial drugs are linked to neuropsychiatric symptoms, often causing acute anxiety, fear, and obsessive-compulsive behaviors, leading to disruptive actions like aggression and defiance ( Okojie et al, 2019 ; Reddy, 2019 ; Chaudhry et al, 2022 ). Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), also known as acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP), is a neurological side effect of malaria treatment in patients experiencing aparasitaemic symptoms ( Carreira et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Clinical Features Of Psychological and Neurological Conseque...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the hidden mental health consequences of malaria beyond the fever

Nandish,

B. M.,

et al. 2024

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Malaria morbidity has various presentations and the focus now shifts to uncommon signs and symptoms of malaria infection such as cognitive impairment to address the morbidity when the mortality declines. About 50% of children admitted to hospitals due to malaria experience neurological complications due to factors like low blood sugar, inflammation, elevated pressure, decreased oxygen levels, and excitotoxicity. Malaria during pregnancy negatively also impacts children’s cognitive, behavioral, and executive function leading to neurodevelopmental delay due to increased susceptibility which can significantly affect maternal and child health, leading to higher rates of underestimated factors like anxiety, depression, and PTSD. Despite having the world’s second-largest tribal population, India’s indigenous and tribal communities and their mental health are less explored and less understood. Western psychological tools and neurocognitive assessment tools are not universally applicable, thus necessitating the development of tailored tools to investigate psychological or neurocognitive impairment. This paper has illuminated the hidden mental health consequences of malaria infection, emphasizing the prevalence, nature, and implications of psychological distress among affected individuals. The findings underscore the importance of recognizing and addressing these psychological consequences in the holistic management and prevention of malaria and its mental health consequences.

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Section: Clinical Features Of Psychological and Neurological Conseque...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the hidden mental health consequences of malaria beyond the fever

Nandish,

B. M.,

et al. 2024

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…Various anti-malarial drugs, such as chloroquine and primaquine are associated with adverse side effects. Additionally, malarial parasite can acquire drug resistance, which necessitates the development of alternative immunotherapeutics ( 8 , 9 ). Despite numerous studies on vaccine candidates, there is no licensed vaccine against Plasmodium infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host-parasite interactions during Plasmodium infection: Implications for immunotherapies

et al. 2023

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Malaria is a global infectious disease that remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the developing world. Multiple environmental and host and parasite factors govern the clinical outcomes of malaria. The host immune response against the Plasmodium parasite is heterogenous and stage-specific both in the human host and mosquito vector. The Plasmodium parasite virulence is predominantly associated with its ability to evade the host’s immune response. Despite the availability of drug-based therapies, Plasmodium parasites can acquire drug resistance due to high antigenic variations and allelic polymorphisms. The lack of licensed vaccines against Plasmodium infection necessitates the development of effective, safe and successful therapeutics. To design an effective vaccine, it is important to study the immune evasion strategies and stage-specific Plasmodium proteins, which are targets of the host immune response. This review provides an overview of the host immune defense mechanisms and parasite immune evasion strategies during Plasmodium infection. Furthermore, we also summarize and discuss the current progress in various anti-malarial vaccine approaches, along with antibody-based therapy involving monoclonal antibodies, and research advancements in host-directed therapy, which can together open new avenues for developing novel immunotherapies against malaria infection and transmission.

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Chloroquine-Induced Psychosis: A Case Report

Cited by 2 publications

References 8 publications

Exploring the hidden mental health consequences of malaria beyond the fever

Exploring the hidden mental health consequences of malaria beyond the fever

Host-parasite interactions during Plasmodium infection: Implications for immunotherapies

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