Chloroplasts Are Central Players in Sugar-Induced Leaf Growth

Dingenen, Judith Van; Milde, Liesbeth De; Vermeersch, Mattias; Maleux, Katrien; Rycke, Riet Maria De; Bruyne, Michiel De; Storme, Véronique; González, Nathalie; Dhondt, Stijn; Inzé, Dirk

doi:10.1104/pp.15.01669

Cited by 53 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…Additionally, the administration of sucrose to leaves affected the morphology, size, and number of chloroplasts in A. thaliana rosette leaf cells; for example, smaller and irregular plastids were observed in the mesophyll cells. The results indicated the role of chloroplasts in the regulation of the increase in leaf area, depending on the access to sugars [40]. The effects of sugars on plant aquaporins (and water conductance) have recently been examined; it was observed that glucose reduces the movement of water from the xylem to the mesophyll [41], which could also affect leaf growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulatory roles of sugars in plant growth and development

Ciereszko

2018

Acta Soc Bot Pol

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In recent years, several studies have focused on the factors and mechanisms that regulate plant growth and development, as well as the functioning of signaling pathways in plant cells, unraveling the involvement of sugars in the processes regulating such growth and development. Saccharides play an important role in the life of plants: they are structural and storage substances, respiratory substrates, and intermediate metabolites of many biochemical processes. Sucrose is the major transport form of assimilates in plants. Sugars can also play an important role in the defense reactions of plants. However, it has been shown that glucose, sucrose, or trehalose-6-phosphate (Tre6P) can regulate a number of growth and metabolic processes, acting independently of the basal functions; they can also act as signaling molecules. Changes in the concentration, qualitative composition, and transport of sugars occur continuously in plant tissues, during the day and night, as well as during subsequent developmental stages. Plants have developed an efficient system of perception and transmission of signals induced by lower or higher sugar availability. Changes in their concentration affect cell division, germination, vegetative growth, flowering, and aging processes, often independently of the metabolic functions. Currently, the mechanisms of growth regulation in plants, dependent on the access to sugars, are being increasingly recognized. The plant growth stimulating system includes hexokinase (as a glucose sensor), trehalose-6-phosphate, and TOR protein kinase; the lack of Tre6P or TOR kinase inhibits the growth of plants and their transition to the generative phase. It is believed that the plant growth inhibition system consists of SnRK1 protein kinases and C/S1 bZIP transcription factors. The signal transduction routes induced by sugars interact with other pathways in plant tissues (for example, hormonal pathways) creating a complex communication and signaling network in plants that precisely controls plant growth and development.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulatory roles of sugars in plant growth and development

Ciereszko

2018

Acta Soc Bot Pol

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“…In nonphotosynthetic tissues, the clock is entrained in the absence of environmental cues by the availability of sucrose transported from photosynthetically active source tissues, also known as ‘metabolic dawn’ (Haydon et al ., ; Endo et al ., ). There is a strong association between sugar availability and signaling with cell division and expansion (Van Dingenen et al ., ); and in Populus stem tissues, cambial differentiation into xylem has been shown to be associated with the circadian clock (Edwards et al ., ). Plastid‐targeted C metabolism in xylem is coordinated with the circadian clock, and morning‐associated PC7 suggests that primary metabolites, such as nucleotides, uridine diphosphate sugars, and acetyl coA, are produced in the morning in preparation for SCW deposition (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organellar carbon metabolism is coordinated with distinct developmental phases of secondary xylem

et al. 2019

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Summary Subcellular compartmentation of plant biosynthetic pathways in the mitochondria and plastids requires coordinated regulation of nuclear encoded genes, and the role of these genes has been largely ignored by wood researchers. In this study, we constructed a targeted systems genetics coexpression network of xylogenesis in Eucalyptus using plastid and mitochondrial carbon metabolic genes and compared the resulting clusters to the aspen xylem developmental series. The constructed network clusters reveal the organization of transcriptional modules regulating subcellular metabolic functions in plastids and mitochondria. Overlapping genes between the plastid and mitochondrial networks implicate the common transcriptional regulation of carbon metabolism during xylem secondary growth. We show that the central processes of organellar carbon metabolism are distinctly coordinated across the developmental stages of wood formation and are specifically associated with primary growth and secondary cell wall deposition. We also demonstrate that, during xylogenesis, plastid‐targeted carbon metabolism is partially regulated by the central clock for carbon allocation towards primary and secondary xylem growth, and we discuss these networks in the context of previously established associations with wood‐related complex traits. This study provides a new resolution into the integration and transcriptional regulation of plastid‐ and mitochondrial‐localized carbon metabolism during xylogenesis.

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“…Bar 1 lm medium showed a positive effect on photosynthesis (Eckstein et al 2012). However, according to Van Dingenen et al (2016) the transfer of seedlings to sucrose-supplemented medium resulted in significant differences in chloroplast morphology. They were smaller and showed fewer differentiated thylakoid membranes and starch granules compared with control leaves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sucrose treatment also negatively affects chloroplast division. It was hypothesized that, during early leaf development in A. thaliana, exogenously applied sucrose or sucrose produced by source leaves delays chloroplast differentiation in sink leaves, by which cell expansion is postponed and cell proliferation is stimulated (Van Dingenen et al 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rooting affects the photosystem II activity: in vitro and ex vitro studies on energy hybrid sorrel

et al. 2017

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Rumex tianschanicus 9 Rumex patientia is a high-biomass-yielding plant suitable for fuel and biogas production. The protocol of the hybrid sorrel micropropagation was used to study the changes in the photosystem II (PSII) activity as well as to analyse the ultrastructure of the chloroplasts. The lowest effective PSII quantum yield [Y(II)] and an apparent electron transport rate of PSII [ETR(II)] were observed for adventitious shoots that had been regenerated in vitro, before rooting. These fluorescence parameters were higher and similar for both the leaves of the same adventitious shoots that had been rooted under in vitro conditions and for the shoots that had been acclimated and grown in ex vitro conditions. The analysis indicated that the PSII activity strongly depends on the formation of properly functioning roots and that in vitro or ex vitro culture conditions are, at least to some degree, less important. TEM analysis revealed that chloroplasts from plants rooted in vitro were sufficiently mature and acclimatization processes have less impact on their development. This is the first report concerning the analysis of PSII activity and the ultrastructure of the chloroplasts at all of the stages of micropropagation, i.e. adventitious shoot formation in vitro, rooting in vitro and acclimation to ex vitro conditions. It strongly indicated that rooting under in vitro conditions, rather than the acclimation to ex vitro conditions, plays a key role in the development of a completely functional photosynthetic apparatus in hybrid sorrel.Keywords Rumex tianschanicus 9 Rumex patientia Á PSII activity Á Chlorophyll a fluorescence Á Ultrastructure of chloroplasts Á In vitro/ex vitro transfer Á Photosynthetic apparatus

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Chloroplasts Are Central Players in Sugar-Induced Leaf Growth

Cited by 53 publications

References 91 publications

Regulatory roles of sugars in plant growth and development

Regulatory roles of sugars in plant growth and development

Organellar carbon metabolism is coordinated with distinct developmental phases of secondary xylem

Rooting affects the photosystem II activity: in vitro and ex vitro studies on energy hybrid sorrel

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