“…--Despite the long research of chloroplasts, the notion that they are localized randomly in a cell is still popular. The location of chloroplasts around the nucleus was demonstrated in Euglena gracilis (Ehara et al 1985), during action of a retardant (Selga and Selga 1995), and in relation to plastid stromules (Kwok and Hanson 2004). Regular presence of permanent PNCs in photosynthesizing tissues of vascular plants, recently demonstrated by Selga et al (2010), provided the new perspective to examine the mechanisms, which control both developmental and death processes in plants.…”