Chloroplast DNA Variation of Carapa guianensis in the Amazon basin

Cloutier, D.; Póvoa, J. S. R.; Procópio, Lilian Costa; Leão, N. V. M.; Wadt, L. H. de O.; Ciampi, A. Y.; Schoen, Daniel J.

doi:10.1515/sg-2005-0039

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…At the continental level, the geographical distribution of haplogroups in C. guianensis indicates a trend towards the spatial sorting of lineages, which is in agreement with limited seed dispersal as suggested by previous ecological and genetic studies (Forget et al. , 1999; Cloutier et al. , 2005; Hardy et al.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

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Phylogeography of a species complex of lowland Neotropical rain forest trees (Carapa, Meliaceae)

Scotti‐Saintagne¹,

Dick²,

Caron³

et al. 2012

Journal of Biogeography

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[b]Aim[/b][br/] Many tropical tree species have poorly delimited taxonomic boundaries and contain undescribed or cryptic species. We examined the genetic structure of a species complex in the tree genus Carapa in the Neotropics in order to evaluate age, geographic patterns of diversity and evolutionary relationships, and to quantify levels of introgression among currently recognized species.[br/] [br/] [b]Location[/b][br/] Lowland moist forests in the Guiana Shield, the Central and Western Amazon Basin, Chocó and Central America.[br/] [br/] [b]Methods[/b][br/] Genetic structure was analysed using seven nuclear simple sequence repeats (nuSSR), five chloroplast SSRs (cpSSR), and two chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) intergenic sequences (trnH-psbA and trnC-ycf6). Bayesian clustering analysis of the SSR data was used to infer population genetic structure and to assign 324 samples to their most likely genetic cluster. Bayesian coalescence analyses were performed on the two cpDNA markers to estimate evolutionary relationships and divergence times.[br/] [br/] [b]Results[/b][br/] Two genetic clusters (nu_guianensis and nu_surinamensis) were detected, which correspond to the Neotropical species C. guianensis (sensu latu) and C. surinamensis. Fourteen cpDNA haplotypes clustered into six haplogroups distributed between the two nuclear genetic clusters. Divergence between the haplogroups was initiated in the Miocene, with some haplotype structure evolving as recently as the Pleistocene. The absence of complete lineage sorting between the nuclear and chloroplast genomes and the presence of hybrid individuals suggest that interspecific reproductive barriers are incomplete. NuSSR diversity was highest in C. guianensis and, within C. guianensis, cpDNA diversity was highest in the Central and Western Amazon Basin. Regional genetic differentiation was strong but did not conform to an isolation-by-distance process or exhibit a phylogeographical signal.[br/] [br/] [b]Main conclusions[/b][br/] The biogeographical history of Neotropical Carapa appears to have been influenced by events that took place during the Neogene. Our results point to an Amazonian centre of origin and diversification of Neotropical Carapa, with subsequent migration to the Pacific coast of South America and Central America. Gene flow apparently occurs among species, and introgression events are supported by inconsistencies between chloroplast and nuclear lineage sorting. The absence of phylogeographical structure may be a result of the ineffectiveness of geographical barriers among populations and of reproductive isolation mechanisms among incipient and cryptic species in this species complex

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…, 1999). Previous population genetic studies of Carapa species revealed a strong regional structure in the Amazon Basin in the chloroplast genome (cpDNA), also suggesting limited gene flow by seeds (Cloutier et al. , 2005).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeography of a species complex of lowland Neotropical rain forest trees (Carapa, Meliaceae)

Scotti‐Saintagne¹,

Dick²,

Caron³

et al. 2012

Journal of Biogeography

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“…For example, in a tidal wetland most seeds of the annual plant Aeschynomene virginica (L.) B. S. P. fell within 0.5 m from parental plants, but secondary dispersal by tides could carry seeds over 2600 m (Griffith & Forseth, 2002). In a study of the floodplain forest tree Carapa guianensis Aublet, within‐site genetic variation was detected in only one site, suggesting that seed dispersal by water in these forests had the potential to mix lineages (Cloutier et al , 2005). A comparison of the genetic composition of floating seeds and established populations in Hibiscus moscheutos L. showed that in contrast to established populations, genetic differentiation among floating‐seed populations was weak or absent, indicating that seeds from different sources were thoroughly mixed (Kudoh & Whigham, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of hydrochory in structuring riparian and wetland vegetation

et al. 2010

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Hydrochory, or the passive dispersal of organisms by water, is an important means of propagule transport, especially for plants. During recent years, knowledge about hydrochory and its ecological consequences has increased considerably and a substantial body of literature has been produced. Here, we review this literature and define the state of the art of the discipline. A substantial proportion of species growing in or near water have propagules (fruits, seeds or vegetative units) able to disperse by water, either floating, submerged in flowing water, or with the help of floating vessels. Hydrochory can enable plants to colonize sites out of reach with other dispersal vectors, but the timing of dispersal and mechanisms of establishment are important for successful establishment. At the population level, hydrochory may increase the effective size and longevity of populations, and control their spatial configuration. Hydrochory is also an important source of species colonizing recruitment-limited riparian and wetland communities, contributing to maintenance of community species richness. Dispersal by water may even influence community composition in different landscape elements, resulting in landscape-level patterns. Genetically, hydrochory may reduce spatial aggregation of genetically related individuals, lead to high gene flow among populations, and increase genetic diversity in populations receiving many propagules. Humans have impacted hydrochory in many ways. For example, dams affect hydrochory by reducing peak flows and hence dispersal capacity, altering the timing of dispersal, and by presenting physical barriers to dispersal, with consequences for riverine plant communities. Hydrochory has been inferred to be an important vector for the spread of many invasive species, but there is also the potential for enhancing ecosystem restoration by improving or restoring water dispersal pathways. Climate change may alter the role of hydrochory by modifying the hydrology of water-bodies as well as conditions for propagule release and plant colonization.

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“…However, in the upland terra firme populations, the seeds are dispersed by gravity, and secondarily by medium‐sized scatter‐hoarding rodents over distances less than 25 m (Guariguata et al . 2002; Cloutier et al . 2005).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of selective logging on inbreeding and gene dispersal in an Amazonian tree population of Carapa guianensis Aubl.

et al. 2007

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Selective logging may impact patterns of genetic diversity within populations of harvested forest tree species by increasing distances separating conspecific trees, and modifying physical and biotic features of the forest habitat. We measured levels of gene diversity, inbreeding, pollen dispersal and spatial genetic structure (SGS) of an Amazonian insect-pollinated Carapa guianensis population before and after commercial selective logging. Similar levels of gene diversity and allelic richness were found before and after logging in both the adult and the seed generations. Pre- and post-harvest outcrossing rates were high, and not significantly different from one another. We found no significant levels of biparental inbreeding either before or after logging. Low levels of pollen pool differentiation were found, and the pre- vs. post-harvest difference was not significant. Pollen dispersal distance estimates averaged between 75 m and 265 m before logging, and between 76 m and 268 m after logging, depending on the value of tree density and the dispersal model used. There were weak and similar levels of differentiation of allele frequencies in the adults and in the pollen pool, before and after logging occurred, as well as weak and similar pre- and post-harvest levels of SGS among adult trees. The large neighbourhood sizes estimated suggest high historical levels of gene flow. Overall our results indicate that there is no clear short-term genetic impact of selective logging on this population of C. guianensis.

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Chloroplast DNA Variation of Carapa guianensis in the Amazon basin

Cited by 16 publications

References 21 publications

Phylogeography of a species complex of lowland Neotropical rain forest trees (Carapa, Meliaceae)

Phylogeography of a species complex of lowland Neotropical rain forest trees (Carapa, Meliaceae)

The role of hydrochory in structuring riparian and wetland vegetation

Impact of selective logging on inbreeding and gene dispersal in an Amazonian tree population of Carapa guianensis Aubl.

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