Chloroplast DNA Evidence on the Origin and Radiation of the Giant Lobelias in Eastern Africa

Knox, Eric B.; Palmer, Jeffrey D.

doi:10.2307/2419583

Cited by 54 publications

(92 citation statements)

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“…Among lobeliads, woodiness is associated with growth in scrub, forests and tropical alpine zones (Rock 1919;Carlquist 1970;Mabberley 1975;Givnish et al 1995;Knox & Palmer 1998). The tallest forms (Cyanea (up to 18 m tall), Clermontia, Delissea, Apetahia and Sclerotheca) are restricted to moist tropical forests and adjacent habitats, where the advantages of growth in height under crowded conditions should favour them (Givnish 1998).…”

Section: Discussion (A) Monophyly and Convergence/divergencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, we suspect that additional study may show that the evolution of the three major clades of tropical woody lobeliads-involving very short branches in all phylogenies-reflects a nearly simultaneous divergence of the Hawaiian, Pacific and African clades from ancestors drawn from the L. nicotianaefolia complex. The latter ranges from western India (4500 km from the cradle of the African woody lobeliads in Tanzania (Knox & Palmer 1998)) to the Philippines (2400 km from the Bonin Islands, 8500 km from Hawai`i and 9500 km from Rarotonga; Hawai`i lies more than 2400 km away from southwestern Polynesia). These distances are large but not insuperable, given the minute seeds of the taxa in question and their occurrence in open, windswept habitats at mid to high elevations.…”

Section: Discussion (A) Monophyly and Convergence/divergencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The closest relatives of the Hawaiian lobeliads are one clade centred in Africa (with apparent long-distance dispersal across the Atlantic generating Lobelia organensis in Brazil (as shown by Knox & Palmer 1998)), and another including Apetahia and Sclerotheca from Polynesia and Lobelia boninensis from the Bonin Islands, south of Japan (figure 2). While the African clade is more closely related to the Hawaiian clade than the Pacific clade, this relationship is weakly corroborated (44% jackknife support under MP; 96% posterior probability under BA (figure 2; figure A1 in the electronic supplementary material).…”

Section: (C) Originmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Origin, adaptive radiation and diversification of the Hawaiian lobeliads (Asterales: Campanulaceae)

et al. 2008

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The endemic Hawaiian lobeliads are exceptionally species rich and exhibit striking diversity in habitat, growth form, pollination biology and seed dispersal, but their origins and pattern of diversification remain shrouded in mystery. Up to five independent colonizations have been proposed based on morphological differences among extant taxa. We present a molecular phylogeny showing that the Hawaiian lobeliads are the product of one immigration event; that they are the largest plant clade on any single oceanic island or archipelago; that their ancestor arrived roughly 13 Myr ago; and that this ancestor was most likely woody, wind-dispersed, bird-pollinated, and adapted to open habitats at mid-elevations. Invasion of closed tropical forests is associated with evolution of fleshy fruits. Limited dispersal of such fruits in wet-forest understoreys appears to have accelerated speciation and led to a series of parallel adaptive radiations in Cyanea, with most species restricted to single islands. Consistency of Cyanea diversity across all tall islands except Hawai`i suggests that diversification of Cyanea saturates in less than 1.5 Myr. Lobeliad diversity appears to reflect a hierarchical adaptive radiation in habitat, then elevation and flower-tube length, and provides important insights into the pattern and tempo of diversification in a species-rich clade of tropical plants.

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Section: Discussion (A) Monophyly and Convergence/divergencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussion (A) Monophyly and Convergence/divergencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (C) Originmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Origin, adaptive radiation and diversification of the Hawaiian lobeliads (Asterales: Campanulaceae)

et al. 2008

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“…In recent years, much taxonomic attention has been focused on the Campanulaceae family (Lammers 1993(Lammers , 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of DNA restriction site mutations and gene sequences holds great promise in the understanding of systematic relationships in this family (Givnish et al 1994(Givnish et al , 1995(Givnish et al , 1996aPepper et al 1997;Knox & Palmer 1998;Antonelli 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seed coat morphology of some Turkish Campanula (Campanulaceae) species and its systematic implications

Akcin

2009

Biologia

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Abstract:The seed coat morphology of 10 Campanula species from Turkey, 3 of which are endemic, was studied using scanning electron microscopy. Characteristics of the seeds and their surface morphology were described and compared. Two different types were described based on seed surface features. The Type 1 seed surface was characterized by a reticulate pattern; only C. olympica belonged to this type. The Type 2 seed surface had a striate testa and was the most common type. It included C. lyrata subsp. lyrata, C. rapunculoides L. subsp. rapunculoides, C. glomerata L. subsp. hispida, C. involucrata, C. saxonorum, C. persicifolia, C. latiloba subsp. latiloba, C. lactiflora and C. rapunculus L. var. lambertiana. However, some differences among these species were determined on the basis of their seed surface features at the microstructural level. These features were evaluated as possibly consistent parameters in the delimination of the Campanula taxa studied.

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“…These plants are robust tetraploids (2n = 28), often woody or pachycaul and up to 9 m tall, with sessile often apically rosulate leaves, terminal racemes or panicles of large unilabiate or sub-bilabiate flowers, and capsules producing numerous lenticular and commonly winged seeds with a striate-reticulate testa (Lammers 2011). Monophyly of the section is supported by several molecular phylogenies , 2006, Knox & Palmer 1998, Antonelli 2008. Although the African species have been the subject of numerous taxonomic studies (e.g., Bruce 1934, Hauman 1934, Hedberg 1957, Mabberley 1974, 1975a, b, Knox 1993, Knox & Kowal 1993, those from the remainder of the range have been accorded far less attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revision of the Malesian species of Lobelia section Rhynchopetalum (Campanulaceae: Lobelioideae)

Lammers¹

2011

Blum - J Plant Tax and Plant Geog

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Detailed morphological study of specimens of Lobelia sect. Rhynchopetalum from Malesia revealed that this material could be divided into five species, all endemic to the region: L. philippinensis (three subspecies) and L. proctorii, endemic to the Philippines; L. sulawesiensis, sp. nov., endemic to Sulawesi; L. sumatrana, endemic to Sumatera; and L. eryliae, with one subspecies in the Philippines and the other in Sulawesi. A key is provided for distinguishing these taxa and each is described fully.

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Chloroplast DNA Evidence on the Origin and Radiation of the Giant Lobelias in Eastern Africa

Cited by 54 publications

References 0 publications

Origin, adaptive radiation and diversification of the Hawaiian lobeliads (Asterales: Campanulaceae)

Origin, adaptive radiation and diversification of the Hawaiian lobeliads (Asterales: Campanulaceae)

Seed coat morphology of some Turkish Campanula (Campanulaceae) species and its systematic implications

Revision of the Malesian species of <I>Lobelia</I> section <I>Rhynchopetalum</I> (<I>Campanulaceae</I>: <I>Lobelioideae</I>)

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