Chlorophyll Synthetase and Chloroplast tRNAglu are Present in Heat-Bleached, Ribosome-Deficient Plastids

Hess, Wolfgang R.; Blank-Huber, Marianne; Fieder, Birte; Börner, Thomas; Rüdiger, Wolfhart

doi:10.1016/s0176-1617(11)80489-x

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The product of the trnE gene is tRNA-Glu(UUC), which has a dual function in protein and chlorophyll synthesis (Schon et al 1986). Although trnE(UUC) is transcribed by a NEP (Hess et al 1992a;Chiba et al 1996), the levels of its product are reduced by from 10% (clone A2) to 18% (clone A1) in albino leaves compared to green leaves. Transcripts of trnE(UUC) are also reduced in the albostrians mutant (Hess et al 1992b).…”

Section: Treatment With Streptomycin Induces Stable Albinism In Barlementioning

confidence: 99%

Differential regulation of genes transcribed by nucleus-encoded plastid RNA polymerase, and DNA amplification, within ribosome-deficient plastids in stable phenocopies of cereal albino mutants

Zubko

Day

2002

Mol Gen Genomics

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We isolated stable albino plants of barley and maize by inhibiting plastid protein synthesis with streptomycin and propagating bleached seedlings in the absence of antibiotics in vitro. Albino plants are deficient in plastid translation products and plastid ribosomal RNAs, and are stable phenocopies of the barley albostrians and maize iojap mutants, which contain ribosome-free plastids. Once plastid ribosomes are lost they cannot be re-synthesized because about one-third of plastid ribosomal proteins are themselves plastid encoded. The group II/subgroup IIA intron in plastid rpl2 transcripts was not processed in albinos, providing strong evidence for the absence of plastid translation. Photosynthesis-related plastid mRNAs and plastid tRNAs were down-regulated in albino leaves. A differential influence of plastid ribosome deficiency on mRNA levels allowed us to divide genes transcribed by nucleus-encoded plastid RNA polymerase into two groups. Northern analysis revealed increases in the levels of clpP, rpl2, rpl23, rps15 and rpoB mRNAs in total RNA from albino leaves relative to those in green leaves. In contrast, albinism did not increase the band intensities of rps2 and rps4 messages. Plastid ribosome-associated factor(s) or plastid-encoded product(s) play a role in the initiation, termination, processing or stability of transcripts containing trnG(UCC) and rps4. Excision and 100-fold amplification of a 5.2-kb region of plastid DNA encompassing the trnG(UCC) and trnE(UUC) genes was observed in one of four albino barley plants. Gene amplification was correlated with the accumulation of abundant novel transcripts derived from regions flanking the trnG(UCC) gene.

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Section: Treatment With Streptomycin Induces Stable Albinism In Barlementioning

confidence: 99%

Differential regulation of genes transcribed by nucleus-encoded plastid RNA polymerase, and DNA amplification, within ribosome-deficient plastids in stable phenocopies of cereal albino mutants

Zubko

Day

2002

Mol Gen Genomics

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“…Previous studies have shown that stability of plastid ribosomes was highly temperature-dependent. Seedlings of rye, barley and oat grown at temperature of 32-34°C were deficient to from 70s ribosomes (Hess et al, 1992) and the expression of plastid genes were chiefly depressed at low temperature (Yoshida et al, 1996). These effects may differ according to genotype.…”

Section: The Effect Of Pretreatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evaluation of Response to Isolated Microspores Culture in Some Iranian Hexaploid Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars

Ekhveh¹,

Moieni²,

Javaran³

2013

JAS

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The most important method of haploid plant production is isolated microspores culture. To be successful in this method, genetic potential of cultivars is very important. In this research, ten Iranian hexaploid wheat cultivars (exclusive of MV17) on the basis of their characters such as heat, drought and salinity resistant have been selected and their responses to isolated microspore culture were evaluated. Meanwhile the effects of two pretreatments (cold and heat + chemical) and embryo induction media (NPB99 and CHB-2) on androgenic traits including embryogenesis, total plant regeneration and green plant regeneration were studied in selected cultivars. There were significant interactions between cultivars and pretreatments and also between cultivars and media in most cases. The interaction between cultivars Chamran and Navid with 21 days cold pretreatment produced the highest number of embryos and the interaction between cultivar Hamoon and 21 days cold and heat + chemical pretreatments produced the most green plant regeneration percentage. Also, the results showed that the interaction between cultivar Chamran and CHB-2 medium produced the highest number of embryos while the interaction between cultivar Hamoon and NPB99 medium had the highest green plant regeneration.

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“…Also, some plastid genes in heat-bleached leaves of rye and barley plants and the albostiians mutant of barley are transcribed, although these leaves lack functional chloroplast 732 HARRIS ET AL. ribosomes and are thus unable to translate the mRNAs for the plastid-encoded rpo genes (164,262,263).…”

Section: Transcription Of Rrna Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Harada et al (246) suggest that this gene has been retained because the tRNAGlu encoded by the gene is essential for porphyrin biosynthesis. Similarly, heat-bleached leaves of rye and oat lack chloroplast ribosomes but have substantial amounts of tRNAGlU and chlorophyll synthetase activity despite their low chlorophyll level (262). Obviously, expression of the tRNAGlU gene would require functioning of a nucleusencoded plastid RNA polymerase.…”

Section: How Essentuil Is Chloroplast Protein Synthesis?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chloroplast ribosomes and protein synthesis.

Harris¹,

Boynton²,

Gillham³

1994

Microbiological Reviews

103

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ORIGIN OF CHLOROPLASTS Chloroplasts and mitochondria contain protein synthesizingsystems more similar to those of bacteria than to those of the eukaryotic cytoplasm, consistent with the hypothesis that these organelles had xenogenous (endosymbiotic) rather than autogenous (intracellular differentiation) origins (see. references 5, 205, 220-223, 274, 633, and 694 for discussions). Phylogenies based mostly on rRNA sequences indicate that the cyanobacteria are ancestral to chloroplasts while the members of the alpha subdivision of the purple sulfur bacteria are the likely progenitors of mitochondria (221, 222). Whether the, chlorophyte algae and land plants on the one hand, and the rhodophyte, chromophyte, and euglenoid algae on the other represent more than one endosymbiotic event remains unresolved (130, 403, 434). Comparisons of gene order and arrangement

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Chlorophyll Synthetase and Chloroplast tRNAglu are Present in Heat-Bleached, Ribosome-Deficient Plastids

Cited by 18 publications

References 20 publications

Differential regulation of genes transcribed by nucleus-encoded plastid RNA polymerase, and DNA amplification, within ribosome-deficient plastids in stable phenocopies of cereal albino mutants

Differential regulation of genes transcribed by nucleus-encoded plastid RNA polymerase, and DNA amplification, within ribosome-deficient plastids in stable phenocopies of cereal albino mutants

The Evaluation of Response to Isolated Microspores Culture in Some Iranian Hexaploid Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars

Chloroplast ribosomes and protein synthesis.

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