Chlorophyll Modifications and Their Spectral Extension in Oxygenic Photosynthesis

Chen, Min

doi:10.1146/annurev-biochem-072711-162943

Cited by 203 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 147 publications

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“…In accordance with other reports, our results also implied that Chl a is more sensitive to salinity than Chl b (Li et al, 2008; Peng et al, 2016). Chl a is the most abundant and integral part of the light-harvesting complex, whereas Chl b as an accessory pigment acts indirectly in photosynthesis by transmitting photons to the Chl a (Chen, 2014; Gururani et al, 2015). Thus, a higher level of Chl a than Chl b at all concentrations of seawater might have contributed to the improved efficiency of A. auriculiformis in resisting salt-induced loss of photosynthetic capacity ( Table 1 ), as was repoted in Atriplex helimus by Bendaly et al (2016)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanistic Insight into Salt Tolerance of Acacia auriculiformis: The Importance of Ion Selectivity, Osmoprotection, Tissue Tolerance, and Na+ Exclusion

Rahman

Miah

et al. 2017

Front. Plant Sci.

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Salinity, one of the major environmental constraints, threatens soil health and consequently agricultural productivity worldwide. Acacia auriculiformis, being a halophyte, offers diverse benefits against soil salinity; however, the defense mechanisms underlying salt-tolerant capacity in A. auriculiformis are still elusive. In this study, we aimed to elucidate mechanisms regulating the adaptability of the multi-purpose perennial species A. auriculiformis to salt stress. The growth, ion homeostasis, osmoprotection, tissue tolerance and Na+ exclusion, and anatomical adjustments of A. auriculiformis grown in varied doses of seawater for 90 and 150 days were assessed. Results showed that diluted seawater caused notable reductions in the level of growth-related parameters, relative water content, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic pigments, proteins, and carbohydrates in dose- and time-dependent manners. However, the percent reduction of these parameters did not exceed 50% of those of control plants. Na+ contents in phyllodes and roots increased with increasing levels of salinity, whereas K+ contents and K+/Na+ ratio decreased significantly in comparison with control plants. A. auriculiformis retained more Na+ in the roots and maintained higher levels of K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+, and K+/Na+ ratio in phyllodes than roots through ion selective capacity. The contents of proline, total free amino acids, total sugars and reducing sugars significantly accumulated together with the levels of malondialdehyde and electrolyte leakage in the phyllodes, particularly at day 150th of salt treatment. Anatomical investigations revealed various anatomical changes in the tissues of phyllodes, stems and roots by salt stress, such as increase in the size of spongy parenchyma of phyllodes, endodermal thickness of stems and roots, and the diameter of root vascular bundle, relative to control counterparts. Furthermore, the estimated values for Na+ exclusion and tissue tolerance index suggested that A. auriculiformis efficiently adopted these two mechanisms to address higher salinity levels. Our results conclude that the adaptability of A. auriculiformis to salinity is closely associated with ion selectivity, increased accumulation of osmoprotectants, efficient Na+ retention in roots, anatomical adjustments, Na+ exclusion and tissue tolerance mechanisms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanistic Insight into Salt Tolerance of Acacia auriculiformis: The Importance of Ion Selectivity, Osmoprotection, Tissue Tolerance, and Na+ Exclusion

Rahman

Miah

et al. 2017

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…40–42 The previous record holder for long-wavelength absorption among native chlorophylls, chlorophyll d , contains 3-formyl and 2-methyl groups. By contrast concerning substituent placement, chlorophyll b contains 7-formyl, 3-vinyl and 2-methyl groups.…”

Section: Smorgasbord Of Chlorinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

De Novo Synthesis of Gem-Dialkyl Chlorophyll Analogues for Probing and Emulating Our Green World

2015

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Woodward reported his infamous synthesis of chlorin e 6 trimethyl ester, a known synthetic precursor to chlorophyll a. [59][60][61][62][63][64]124 The work was posited on a half-century of intensive studies by many investigators in tetrapyrrole chemistry and began a decade after the close of Fischer's lifetime of research 125−128 (which included an uncompleted synthetic program directed toward chlorophylls 15 ). Indeed, "he read all the umpteen papers on the chlorophylls written by Willstaẗter and Fischer, including the experimental parts." 129 The Woodward synthesis of chlorin e 6 trimethyl ester required 46 steps, of which 24 were spent on converting the sole precursor, Knorr's pyrrole, to the four pyrroles destined to form rings A−D; 7 additional steps accrued to obtain the dipyrromethanes that constitute the Eastern and Western halves (Scheme 13, the step numbers are identical to those shown in ref 64.). The first step formed the Knorr pyrrole (in several kg quantities), the next 24 steps were divided into four parallel paths, whereas the remaining 21 steps proceeded in linear fashion. Remarkable features of the synthesis include the directed intramolecular joining (via an imine) of the Eastern and Western halves (step 33), construction of the acrylate Scheme 10. Hydrogenation of a Porphyrin to Form a Chlorin Scheme 11. Representative meso-Tetraarylchlorins Scheme 12. Methyl Pyropheophorbide a

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“…Different types of chlorophyll (Chl) are the major light‐harvesting pigments in oxygenic phototrophs (plants, algae and cyanobacteria), with Chl a as the key pigment in the photosynthetic reaction centers of most of these organisms (Chen ). The spectral range in the solar spectrum exploited by oxygenic phototrophs is mostly confined to the visible range (400–700 nm), with some important exceptions found in the siphoneous green algae Ostreobium sp., and the cyanobacterium Arthrospira that can express far‐red absorbing Chl a pigment complexes when growing in shaded habitats (Shubin et al.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Key index words: beachrock; biofilm; Chl f; cyanobacteria; endolithic; photosynthesis Different types of chlorophyll (Chl) are the major light-harvesting pigments in oxygenic phototrophs (plants, algae and cyanobacteria), with Chl a as the key pigment in the photosynthetic reaction centers of most of these organisms (Chen 2014). The spectral range in the solar spectrum exploited by oxygenic phototrophs is mostly confined to the visible range (400-700 nm), with some important exceptions found in the siphoneous green algae Ostreobium sp., and the cyanobacterium Arthrospira that can express far-red absorbing Chl a pigment complexes when growing in shaded habitats (Shubin et al 1991, Koehne et al 1999, but foremost in cyanobacteria expressing the special far-red absorbing chlorophylls Chl d and Chl f, enabling oxygenic photosynthesis under near-infrared radiation (NIR) in the wavelength range of~710-740 nm (Li and Chen 2015).…”

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confidence: 99%

Chlorophyll f distribution and dynamics in cyanobacterial beachrock biofilms

Trampe

Kühl

2016

Journal of Phycology

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Chlorophyll (Chl) f, the most far-red (720-740 nm) absorbing Chl species, was discovered in cyanobacterial isolates from stromatolites and subsequently in other habitats as well. However, the spatial distribution and temporal dynamics of Chl f in a natural habitat have so far not been documented. Here, we report the presence of Chl f in cyanobacterial beachrock biofilms. Hyperspectral imaging on cross-sections of beachrock from Heron Island (Great Barrier Reef, Australia), showed a strong and widely distributed signature of Chl f absorption in an endolithic layer below the dense cyanobacterial surface biofilm that could be localized to aggregates of Chroococcidiopsis-like unicellular cyanobacteria packed within a thick common sheath. High-pressure liquid chromatography-based pigment analyses showed in situ ratios of Chl f to Chl a of 5% in brown-pigmented zones of the beachrock, with lower ratios of ~0.5% in the black- and pink-pigmented biofilm zones. Enrichment experiments with black beachrock biofilm showed stimulated synthesis of Chl f and Chl d when grown under near-infrared radiation (NIR; 740 nm), with a Chl f to Chl a ratio increasing 4-fold to 2%, whereas the Chl d to Chl a ratio went from 0% to 0.8%. Enrichments grown under white light (400-700 nm) produced no detectable amounts of either Chl d or Chl f. Beachrock cyanobacteria thus exhibited characteristics of far-red light photoacclimation, enabling Chl f -containing cyanobacteria to thrive in optical niches deprived of visible light when sufficient NIR is prevalent.

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Chlorophyll Modifications and Their Spectral Extension in Oxygenic Photosynthesis

Cited by 203 publications

References 147 publications

Mechanistic Insight into Salt Tolerance of Acacia auriculiformis: The Importance of Ion Selectivity, Osmoprotection, Tissue Tolerance, and Na+ Exclusion

Mechanistic Insight into Salt Tolerance of Acacia auriculiformis: The Importance of Ion Selectivity, Osmoprotection, Tissue Tolerance, and Na+ Exclusion

De Novo Synthesis of Gem-Dialkyl Chlorophyll Analogues for Probing and Emulating Our Green World

Chlorophyll f distribution and dynamics in cyanobacterial beachrock biofilms

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