Chlorophyll catabolism precedes changes in chloroplast structure and proteome during leaf senescence

Tamary, Eyal; Nevo, Reinat; Naveh, Leah; Levin-Zaidman, Smadar; Kiss, Vladimir; Savidor, Alon; Levin, Yishai; Eyal, Yoram; Reich, Ziv; Adam, Zach

doi:10.1002/pld3.127

Cited by 67 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…The onset of developmental leaf senescence is highly responsive to internal and external cues and is tightly regulated on the levels of transcriptome (Breeze et al, 2011;Woo et al, 2016), proteome (Tamary et al, 2019) and metabolome (Watanabe et al, 2013;Chrobok et al, 2016;Jafari et al, 2017). By characterization of aging pp2a-b9g leaves, we demonstrate the regulatory role of PP2A-B9g in SA signaling extends to the SA component of developmental leaf senescence under short-day conditions (Figs.…”

Section: Pp2a-b9g Regulates Sa Signaling In Both Plant Immunity and Dmentioning

confidence: 78%

PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 2A-B′γ Controls Botrytis cinerea Resistance and Developmental Leaf Senescence

et al. 2019

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Plants optimize their growth and survival through highly integrated regulatory networks that coordinate defensive measures and developmental transitions in response to environmental cues. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a key signaling component that controls stress reactions and growth at different stages of plant development, and the PP2A regulatory subunit PP2A-B9g is required for negative regulation of pathogenesis responses and for maintenance of cell homeostasis in short-day conditions. Here, we report molecular mechanisms by which PP2A-B9g regulates Botrytis cinerea resistance and leaf senescence in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We extend the molecular functionality of PP2A-B9g to a protein kinase-phosphatase interaction with the defense-associated calcium-dependent protein kinase CPK1 and present indications this interaction may function to control CPK1 activity. In presenescent leaf tissues, PP2A-B9g is also required to negatively control the expression of salicylic acid-related defense genes, which have recently proven vital in plant resistance to necrotrophic fungal pathogens. In addition, we find the premature leaf yellowing of pp2a-b9g depends on salicylic acid biosynthesis via SALICYLIC ACID INDUCTION DEFICIENT2 and bears the hallmarks of developmental leaf senescence. We propose PP2A-B9g agedependently controls salicylic acid-related signaling in plant immunity and developmental leaf senescence.

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Section: Pp2a-b9g Regulates Sa Signaling In Both Plant Immunity and Dmentioning

confidence: 78%

PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 2A-B′γ Controls Botrytis cinerea Resistance and Developmental Leaf Senescence

et al. 2019

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“…Overall, our results showed that the chosen leaf ranks had a gradually advanced source status, i.e., a gradual increase in their nitrogen remobilization processes. Moreover, since the strong activation of chlorophyll degradation in old leaves is always associated with a decrease in chloroplast volume and chloroplast size [49], our result suggested that L3 leaves were at the onset of senescence.…”

Section: S-methyl-l-cysteine Sulphoxide (Smcso) Gln Pro Asn Val Amentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Metabolites 2020, 10, x 4 of 16 gradual increase in their nitrogen remobilization processes. Moreover, since the strong activation of chlorophyll degradation in old leaves is always associated with a decrease in chloroplast volume and chloroplast size [49], our result suggested that L3 leaves were at the onset of senescence. Next, we quantified amino acid contents in the different leaf ranks (complete dataset available in Supplementary Table S1).…”

Section: S-methyl-l-cysteine Sulphoxide (Smcso) Gln Pro Asn Val Amentioning

confidence: 59%

Sink/Source Balance of Leaves Influences Amino Acid Pools and Their Associated Metabolic Fluxes in Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.)

et al. 2020

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Nitrogen remobilization processes from source to sink tissues in plants are determinant for seed yield and their implementation results in a complete reorganization of the primary metabolism during sink/source transition. Here, we decided to characterize the impact of the sink/source balance on amino acid metabolism in the leaves of winter oilseed rape grown at the vegetative stage. We combined a quantitative metabolomics approach with an instationary 15N-labeling experiment by using [15N]L-glycine as a metabolic probe on leaf ranks with a gradual increase in their source status. We showed that the acquisition of the source status by leaves was specifically accompanied by a decrease in asparagine, glutamine, proline and S-methyl-l-cysteine sulphoxide contents and an increase in valine and threonine contents. Dynamic analysis of 15N enrichment and concentration of amino acids revealed gradual changes in the dynamics of amino acid metabolism with respect to the sink/source status of leaf ranks. Notably, nitrogen assimilation into valine, threonine and proline were all decreased in source leaves compared to sink leaves. Overall, our results suggested a reduction in de novo amino acid biosynthesis during sink/source transition at the vegetative stage.

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“…The photosynthetic capacity of the leaf suddenly drops due to the loss of chlorophyll during senescence. The production of carbohydrates, amino acids and other molecules is displaced by the degradation of macromolecules such as protein, lipids and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), and the released nutrients are mobilised to plant parts such as new buds, young leaves, developing fruits and seeds or to storage organs for the future growing season (34,35).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Initiation of leaf senescence is affected by various factors including age, abiotic and biotic stress, and plant hormones (36,37). Effects of plant hormones on senescence such as auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, ethylene ABA, SA and JA are well-known (29,35,36). Moreover, the effect of KAR1 on leaf senescence is still lacking in the literature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Karrikinolide Promotes Seed Germination but Has no Effect on Leaf Segment Senescence in Triticum aestivum L.

Sağlam¹,

Duygun²,

Kaya³

et al. 2019

Eur J Biol

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Objective: Germination and senescence are the two most important developmental processes in the plant life cycle. While seed germination is an important physiological event for the continuity of species, leaf senescence is also an important developmental process that impacts crop yields. Karrikins are a group of plant growth regulators found in the smoke generated by burning plant material. It has been suggested that karrikinolide (KAR1) is generally the most active karrikin in terms of stimulating germination. Materials and Methods: In this study, the effect of karrikinolide on germination and leaf segment senescence in wheat was investigated. For this purpose, control, 1 nM, 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 μM KAR1 solutions were used. Firstly, the wheat seeds were germinated in the dark in these solutions and germination percentages and root lengths were measured. Secondly, 4 of first leaf segments (3cm. each) from 10-day-old wheat seedlings were placed in petri dishes containing 1, 10, 100 μM KAR1 and distilled water as a control. Following incubation, fresh weight, chlorophyll content, cell death amounts and total protein amounts were determined. Results: The obtained data shows that 1 μM KAR1 promotes germination and root length to the greatest extent. This suggests that karrikins have a promoting effect on the germination of wheat seeds. Our results demonstrate that KAR1 has no effect on leaf segment senescence. Conclusion: Our study suggests that KAR1 has the potential to be used in agriculture to improve germination and seedling growth of crop species.

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Chlorophyll catabolism precedes changes in chloroplast structure and proteome during leaf senescence

Cited by 67 publications

References 84 publications

PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 2A-B′γ Controls Botrytis cinerea Resistance and Developmental Leaf Senescence

PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 2A-B′γ Controls Botrytis cinerea Resistance and Developmental Leaf Senescence

Sink/Source Balance of Leaves Influences Amino Acid Pools and Their Associated Metabolic Fluxes in Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.)

Karrikinolide Promotes Seed Germination but Has no Effect on Leaf Segment Senescence in Triticum aestivum L.

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