Chlorophyll a Synthesis in Rhodobacter sphaeroides by Chlorophyll Synthase of Nicotiana tabacum

Kim, June; Lee, Chang Kyu; Kim, Eui-Jin

doi:10.3390/biology12040573

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…As widely recognized, chlorophyll plays a crucial role as a pigment in the process of photosynthesis in plants (Lin et al 2022). In previous studies, the expression level of chlorophyll synthesis‐related genes showed a positive correlation with chlorophyll content in plants (Lin and Charng, 2021, Xia et al 2021, Shah et al 2022, Kim et al 2023). We found that most of chlorophyll synthesis‐related genes were significantly down‐regulated in purple leaves, which were consistent with changes in chlorophyll content.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

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Metabolome and Transcriptome Reveal Chlorophyll, Carotenoid, and Anthocyanin Jointly Regulate the Color Formation of Triadica sebifera

Liu,

Wang,

et al. 2024

Physiologia Plantarum

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The Chinese tallow tree (Triadica sebifera) is an economically important plant on account of its ornamental value and oil‐producing seeds. Leaf colour is a key characteristic of T. sebifera, with yellow‐, red‐ and purple‐leaved varieties providing visually impressive displays during autumn. In this study, we performed metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying leaf colour development in purple‐leaved T. sebifera at three stages during the autumnal colour transition, namely, green, hemi‐purple, and purple leaves. We accordingly detected 370 flavonoid metabolites and 10 anthocyanins, among the latter of which, cyanidin‐3‐xyloside and peonidin‐3‐O‐glucoside were identified as the predominant compounds in hemi‐purple and purple leaves. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that structural genes associated with the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway, chlorophyll synthesis pathway and carotenoid synthesis pathway were significantly differential expressed at the three assessed colour stages. Additionally, transcription factors associated with the MYB‐bHLH‐WD40 complex, including 22 R2R3‐MYBs, 79 bHLHs and 44 WD40 genes, were identified as candidate regulators of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. Moreover, on the basis of the identified differentially accumulated anthocyanins and key genes, we generated genetic and metabolic regulatory networks for anthocyanin biosynthesis in T. sebifera. These findings provide comprehensive information on the leaf transcriptome and three pigments of T. sebifera, thereby shedding new light on the mechanisms underlying the autumnal colouring of the leaves of this tree.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…studies, the expression level of chlorophyll synthesis-related genes showed a positive correlation with chlorophyll content in plants (Lin and Charng, 2021, Xia et al 2021, Shah et al 2022, Kim et al 2023.…”

Section: Candidate Genes Associated With Chlorophyll Metabolism and C...mentioning

confidence: 91%

Metabolome and Transcriptome Reveal Chlorophyll, Carotenoid, and Anthocyanin Jointly Regulate the Color Formation of Triadica sebifera

Liu,

Wang,

et al. 2024

Physiologia Plantarum

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“…Chlorophyll synthase has been studied in multiple organisms such as Synechocystis ( Oster et al 1997 ), oat ( Schmid et al 2001 , 2002 ), rice ( Oryza sativa L.; Wu et al 2007 ), and tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.; Shalygo et al 2009 ; Kim et al 2023 ). Two of the studies also contained comparisons to the closely related BchG of Rhodobacter capsulatus and R. sphaeroides ( Oster et al 1997 ; Kim et al 2023 ). To further advance the knowledge about the enzymatic mechanism, structural information about the proteins would be most helpful.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A pipeline for identification of causal mutations in barley identifies Xantha-j as the chlorophyll synthase gene

Stuart,

Zakhrabekova,

Jørgensen

et al. 2024

Plant Physiology

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Thousands of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) mutants have been isolated over the last century, and many are stored in gene banks across various countries. In the present work, we developed a pipeline to efficiently identify causal mutations in barley. The pipeline is also efficient for mutations located in centromeric regions. Through bulked-segregant analyses using whole genome sequencing of pooled F2 seedlings, we mapped two mutations and identified a limited number of candidate genes. We applied the pipeline on F2-mapping populations made from xan-j.59 (unknown mutation) and xan-l.82 (previously known). The Xantha-j (xan-j) gene was identified as encoding chlorophyll synthase, which catalyzes the last step in the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway: the addition of a phytol moiety to the propionate side chain of chlorophyllide. Key amino-acid residues in the active site, including the binding sites of the isoprenoid and chlorophyllide substrates, were analyzed in an AlphaFold2-generated structural model of the barley chlorophyll synthase. Three allelic mutants, xan-j.19, xan-j.59, and xan-j.64 were characterized. While xan-j.19 is a one-base pair deletion and xan-j.59 is a nonsense mutation, xan-j.64 causes an S212F substitution in chlorophyll synthase. Our analyses of xan-j.64 and treatment of growing barley with clomazone, an inhibitor of chloroplastic isoprenoid biosynthesis, suggest that binding of the isoprenoid substrate is a prerequisite for the stable maintenance of chlorophyll synthase in the plastid. We further suggest that chlorophyll synthase is a sensor for coordinating chlorophyll and isoprenoid biosynthesis.

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Genes for the Type-I Reaction Center and Galactolipid Synthesis are Required for Chlorophyll a Accumulation in a Purple Photosynthetic Bacterium

Tsukatani,

Azai,

Noji

et al. 2024

Plant and Cell Physiology

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Anoxygenic photosynthesis is diversified into two classes: chlorophototrophy based on a bacterial type-I or type-II reaction center (RC). Whereas the type-I RC contains both bacteriochlorophyll and chlorophyll, type-II RC-based phototrophy relies only on bacteriochlorophyll. However, type-II phototrophic bacteria theoretically have the potential to produce chlorophyll a by the addition of an enzyme, chlorophyll synthase, because the direct precursor for the enzyme, chlorophyllide a, is produced as an intermediate of BChl a biosynthesis. In this study, we attempted to modify the type-II proteobacterial phototroph Rhodovulum sulfidophilum to produce chlorophyll a by introducing chlorophyll synthase, which catalyzes the esterification of a diterpenoid group to chlorophyllide a thereby producing chlorophyll a. However, the resulting strain did not accumulate chlorophyll a, perhaps due to absence of endogenous chlorophyll a-binding proteins. We further heterologously incorporated genes encoding the type-I RC complex to provide a target for chlorophyll a. Heterologous expression of type-I RC subunits, chlorophyll synthase, and galactolipid synthase successfully afforded detectable accumulation of chlorophyll a in Rdv. sulfidophilum. This suggests that the type-I RC can work to accumulate chlorophyll a and that galactolipids are likely necessary for the type-I RC assembly. The evolutionary acquisition of type-I RCs could be related to prior or concomitant acquisition of galactolipids and chlorophylls.

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Chlorophyll a Synthesis in Rhodobacter sphaeroides by Chlorophyll Synthase of Nicotiana tabacum

Cited by 3 publications

References 40 publications

Metabolome and Transcriptome Reveal Chlorophyll, Carotenoid, and Anthocyanin Jointly Regulate the Color Formation of Triadica sebifera

Metabolome and Transcriptome Reveal Chlorophyll, Carotenoid, and Anthocyanin Jointly Regulate the Color Formation of Triadica sebifera

A pipeline for identification of causal mutations in barley identifies Xantha-j as the chlorophyll synthase gene

Genes for the Type-I Reaction Center and Galactolipid Synthesis are Required for Chlorophyll a Accumulation in a Purple Photosynthetic Bacterium

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