Chlorogenic acids from Tithonia diversifolia demonstrate better anti-inflammatory effect than indomethacin and its sesquiterpene lactones

Mostafazadeh

et al. 2013

Pharmaceutical Biology

Context: Nasturtium officinale R. Br. (watercress) has long been used in Iranian folk medicine to treat hypertension, hyperglycemia, and renal colic. Moreover, anticancer, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective properties of N. officinale have been reported. Objective: In this study, anti-inflammatory activity of the hydro-alcoholic extract from aerial parts of N. officinale was investigated. Materials and methods: Oral administration of the hydro-alcoholic extract of N. officinale (250, 500 and 750 mg kg À1) was investigated on two well-characterized animal models of inflammation, including carrageenan-or formalin-induced paw edema in rats. Then, the topical anti-inflammatory effect of N. officinale (2 and 5 mg/ear) was studied on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced mouse ear edema. Finally, biopsy of the paw or ear was performed for pathological evaluation. Results: Acute toxicity tests of N. officinale in rats established an oral LD 50 of 45 g kgThe extract of watercress (250, 500 and 750 mg kg À1) significantly inhibited carrageenaninduced paw edema 1, 2, 3 and 4 h after carrageenan challenge (p50.001). The extract (500 mg kg À1) also showed considerable activity against formalin-evoked paw edema over a period of 24 h (p50.001). Furthermore, topical application of N. officinale (5 mg/ear) reduced TPA-induced ear edema (p50.05). Histopathologically, the extract decreased swelling and the tissue damage induced by carrageenan or TPA. Discussion and conclusion: Our findings indicate potent anti-inflammatory activity of N. officinale in systemic and topical application and propose its potential as an anti-inflammatory agent for treatment of inflammatory conditions.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivoanti-inflammatory properties of aerial parts ofNasturtium officinale

Mostafazadeh

et al. 2013

Pharmaceutical Biology

“…Many classes of secondary metabolites which are isolated from the Tithonia diversifolia extracts include diterpenoids, flavonoids, sesquiterpene lactones ( Figure 5) and chlorogenic acids derivatives [54] [55]. However, the most abundant terpernoids in Tithonia diversifolia are sesquiterpene lactones [55].…”

Section: Sesquiterpene Lactones From T Diversifoliamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the most abundant terpernoids in Tithonia diversifolia are sesquiterpene lactones [55]. But tagitinins compounds ( Figure 5) which are in sesquiterpene lactones class are the most studied [56].…”

Section: Sesquiterpene Lactones From T Diversifoliamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But tagitinins compounds ( Figure 5) which are in sesquiterpene lactones class are the most studied [56]. The sesquiterpene lactones and diterpenoids have biological activities [16] and contribute to inflammatory activity [55]. T. diversifosia is used as traditional medicine in constipation, stomach pains, indigestion, sore throat, liver pains and to treat malaria [57].…”

Section: Sesquiterpene Lactones From T Diversifoliamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Toxicity, Persistence and Mode of Actions of Selected Botanical Pesticides in Africa against Insect Pests in Common Beans, <i>P. vulgaris</i>: A Review

Mpumi¹,

Mtei²,

Machunda³

et al. 2016

AJPS

Common beans are affected by many insect pests such as bean leaf beetle, aphids, legume pod borer and bean beetles. Traditional and cultural practices such as site selection, crop rotation, intercropping and seed selection, sowing date are used to reduce the infestation of insect pests of common beans in the field and in storage rooms. Natural enemies such as predators, parasitoids and pathogens can control the insect pests. Synthetic pesticides such as cypermethion, carbaryl, and lambda-cyhalothrin have reported to be effective, but are toxic to people, destroy natural enemies and contaminate the environment. Botanical pesticides are the promising alternatives. This review paper explains toxicity, persistence and mode of actions of active ingredients of botanical pesticides. Rotenone from T. vogelii has the oral lethal dose (LD50) of 132 -1500 mg/kg to mammals. It delays the electron transport chain in mitochondria of the insects and limits the cellular energy production. Azadirachtin is antifeedant and growth disruptor of insects. It has low toxicity to mammals. The oral LD 50 in mammals is greater than 3540 mg/kg. Azadirachtin displays strong effects on chemoreceptors of the insects. Pyrethrins are axonic poisons and have repellent effects to insects. It is less toxic to mammals with the LD 50 of about 1500 mg/Kg. It attacks the nervous systems of insects. Sesquiterpene lactones from T. diversifolia, Pentacyclic triterpenoids from Lantana camara, Vernodalin, Vernodalol and Epivernodalol from V. amygdalina have repellent and feeding deterrents chemicals which discourage the insects from feeding the crop. Most active ingredients of botanical pesticides have short life span in the environment.

Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology

“…It shows cytotoxic [19], anti-inflammatory [33], and antifeedant activities [2], and thus is a promising compound for further research into its mechanisms of action in different targets. T. diversifolia, the source of 1, is used in folk medicine in many countries [8,14] and has anti-inflammatory and antimalarial properties [8]. However, there remains concern regarding the ingestion of STLs because of their toxicity [35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial transformation of the sesquiterpene lactone tagitinin C by the fungus Aspergillus terreus

Rocha

Pupo

Antonucci³

et al. 2012

Self Cite

The biotransformation of the sesquiterpene lactone tagitinin C by the fungus Aspergillus terreus MT 5.3 yielded a rare derivative that was elucidated by spectrometric methods. The fungus led to the formation of a different product through an unusual epoxidation reaction between C4 and C5, formation of a C3,C10 ether bridge, and a methoxylation of the C1 of tagitinin C. The chemical structure of the product, namely 1b-methoxy-3a-hydroxy-3,10b-4,5a-diepoxy-8b-isobutyroyloxygermacr-11(13)-en6a,12-olide, is the same as that of a derivative that was recently isolated from the flowers of a Brazilian population of Mexican sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia), which is the source of the substrate tagitinin C. The in vitro cytotoxic activity of the substrate and the biotransformed product were evaluated in HL-60 cells using an MTT assay, and both compounds were found to be cytotoxic. We show that soil fungi may be useful in the biotransformation of sesquiterpene lactones, thereby leading to unusual changes in their chemical structures that may preserve or alter their biological activities, and may also mimic plant biosynthetic pathways for production of secondary metabolites.