Chlorogenic Acid Exhibits Cholesterol Lowering and Fatty Liver Attenuating Properties by Up‐regulating the Gene Expression of PPAR‐α in Hypercholesterolemic Rats Induced with a High‐Cholesterol Diet

Abstract

Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Natural compounds have been proved to be useful in lowering serum cholesterol to slow down the progression of cardiovascular disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. In the present study, the hypocholesterolemic and hepatoprotective effects of the dietary consumption of chlorogenic acid were investigated by monitoring plasma lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein) in Sprague-Dawley rats fed with a normal diet, a high-cholesterol diet or a high-cholesterol diet supplemented with chlorogenic acid (1 or 10 mg/kg/day p.o.) for 28 days. Chlorogenic acid markedly altered the increased plasma total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein but decreased high-density lipoprotein induced by a hypercholesterolemic diet with a dose-dependent improvement on both atherogenic index and cardiac risk factor. Lipid depositions in liver were attenuated significantly in hypercholesterolemic animals supplemented with chlorogenic acid. It is postulated that hypocholesterolemic effect is the primary beneficial effect given by chlorogenic acid, which leads to other secondary beneficial effects such as atheroscleroprotective, cardioprotective and hepatoprotective functions. The hypocholesterolemic functions of chlorogenic acid are probably due to the increase in fatty acids unitization in liver via the up-regulation of peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor α mRNA.

Effect of black mulberry (Morus nigra) extract treatment on cognitive impairment and oxidative stress status of d-galactose-induced aging mice

“…These results suggest that chlorogenic acid may apply neuroprotective effects through its antioxidant actions (Li et al 2008). Recent researches on chlorogenic acid suggest that it inhibits DNA damage and lipid peroxidation by increasing the resistance of low-density lipoprotein (Wan et al 2013) and prevents carcinogenesis by reducing DNA damage (Rakshit et al 2010;Ooi et al 2011). It has also been reported to have analgesic (Hara et al 2014), antiinflammatory (Hwang et al 2014), antidiabetic (Stefanello et al 2014), and antibacterial effects (Ozçelik et al 2011).…”

Antiobesity and antihyperlipidaemic effects of Yan-Sheng-Yin in animals and humans

“…Both bioactive compounds PCA and CGA exhibit pharmacological activities, including antihyperlipidaemic, antiatherogenic, and antiobesity effects (Cho et al, 2010;Harini & Pugalendi, 2010;Wan et al, 2013;Wang, Wei, Yan, Jin, & Ling, 2010;Wu et al, 2014). Lin et al indicated that PCA can activate AMPK to inhibit oleic acid-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (Lin, Ou, Chang, Chan, & Wang, 2015) and upregulate adiponectin secretion in human omental adipocytes (Scazzocchio et al, 2011).…”

Antihyperlipidemic Effects of Sour Cherries Characterized by Different In Vitro Antioxidant Power and Polyphenolic Composition

“…The antihyperlipidemic effects of 'Pipacs1' sour cherries are probably due to their high chlorogenic acid contents. According to literature, these effects and especially the hypocholesterolemic functions of chlorogenic acid are at least due to the increase in fatty acids unitization in liver via the up-regulation of peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor α (PPAR α) and its downstream genes and by upregulation of serum and hepatic lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activities [30,31]. It should be noted however, that chlorogenic acid goes through catabolism in the small intestine and in the gut after oral consumption, therefore these functions should not be related directly to chlorogenic acids but rather their metabolites such as sulfated conjugates and dihydrocaffeic acid [32].…”