Chlorogenic Acid Ameliorates Colitis and Alters Colonic Microbiota in a Mouse Model of Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis

Abstract

This study evaluated the mitigating effects of dietary chlorogenic acid (CGA) on colon damage and the bacterial profile in a mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to receive one of the following treatments: (i) basal diet; (ii) basal diet with 2% CGA; (iii) basal diet with 2.5% DSS or (iv) basal diet with 2% CGA and 2.5% DSS. Following a 2-week pre-treatment period, mice in the DSS and CGA-DSS groups received 2.5% DSS in drinking water for 5 days, while the other two groups received sterile water. Compared to DSS alone, CGA was found to reduce the disease activity index, myeloperoxidase activity and tumor necrosis factor-α levels in colon tissues ( P < 0.05). CGA also ameliorated DSS-induced inflammatory responses, reduced colon shortening and decreased the histological scores ( P < 0.05). In an evaluation of the relative abundances of bacteria in the fecal microbiota, we found that CGA reversed the decrease in diversity caused by DSS and improved the relative abundance of organisms in the genus Lactobacillus ( P < 0.05). These results indicate that CGA maintains intestinal health and reduces DSS-induced colon injury by decreasing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and restoring intestinal microbial diversity.

Acacetin Ameliorates Experimental Colitis in Mice via Inhibiting Macrophage Inflammatory Response and Regulating the Composition of Gut Microbiota

“…Compelling evidence suggests that cytokines are crucial pathophysiological regulators of the occurrence and development of the inflammatory response of IBD ( Strober and Fuss, 2011 ). Interactions between the TNF family of receptors and their ligands are crucial in immune responses ( Zhang et al, 2019 ). The progression of inflammation is associated with TNF-α, as it is involved in the recruitment of leukocytes to the inflamed areas ( Gupta et al, 2018 ).…”

Bacterial immunogenic α-galactosylceramide identified in the murine large intestine: dependency on diet and inflammation

“…Bacteroidetes were also reported to decrease in a commonly used model of experimental colitis induced by DSS (41). Decreased Bacteroides levels are associated with inflammatory bowel disease and ulcerative colitis (36,71) and a decreased abundance of Erysipelotrichales, Bacteroidales, and Clostridiales going along with an increase of Enterobacteriaceae, Pasteurellacaea, Veillonellaceae, and Fusobacteriaceae were observed in new-onset cases of pediatric Crohn's disease (72).…”

“…This experimental model induces colitis in mice. Of note, Bacteroidetes were reported to significantly decrease in the colon after DSS treatment (38)(39)(40)(41). Mice (C57BL/6) were treated with DSS for 4 days and samples were collected after 2 and 4 days.…”

Hydroxycinnamic acids on gut microbiota and health

“…CGA has shown the capacity to alter the physical structure of intestine and the integrity of its epithelium. Zhang, Jiao, Wang, Lin, and You (2019) indicated that 2% CGA ameliorated the reduction in colon length of 2.5% DSS‐treated mouse. In porcine, 1,000 mg/kg CGA extended the length of small intestine and total intestine compared to normal basal diet (Chen et al., 2019).…”

“…Along with the recovery from DSS‐induced colitis, Zhang et al. (2019) observed increased microbial diversity, genera Akkermansia and Lactobacillus in mice colon. No direct causal relationship has been established, but this may indicate a possible ulcerative colitis–microbiota interaction: the higher microbial diversity strengthens immunity and lowers the risk of inflammation or intestinal injury, while the suppression of proinflammatory cytokines and signaling pathways encourages the increase in Akkermansia and Lactobacillus .…”