Chlorine resistance patterns of bacteria from two drinking water distribution systems

Ridgway, Harry F.; Olson, Betty H.

doi:10.1128/aem.44.4.972-987.1982

Cited by 219 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The observed increase may be due to increased proportions of non-cultivable target bacteria with assayable activity (Davies et al 1995b ;Nwoguh et al 1995) and presence of b-D-galactosidase-positive, nontarget micro-organisms (Davies et al 1995a ;Fiksdal et al 1997 ;Van Poucke and Nelis 1997) that are more resistant to chlorine than FC bacteria, e.g. Bacillus (Ridgway and Olson 1982). The more similar reductions in enzyme activity and number of cultivable FC of sewage vs chlorine dose when injured FC were recovered indicated that an important portion of the b-D-galactosidase activity was related to viable, injured FC bacteria.…”

Section: Enzyme Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of chlorination on β-D-galactosidase activity of sewage bacteria and Escherichia coli

Tryland

Pommepuy

Fiksdal

1998

Journal of Applied Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

I . T RY L AN D, M . P OM M EP UY A ND L. F IK SD A L. 1998. The effect of chlorine on b-Dgalactosidase activity of sewage bacteria and Escherichia coli was studied. b-D-galactosidase activity of sewage was more resistant to chlorine than faecal coliform cultivability. At low initial dosage (0·05 mg Cl 2 l −1 ) neither cultivability (colony-forming units (cfu)), nor enzyme activity of E. coli suspensions were severely impaired. When initial chlorine concentration was increased to 0·1 mg Cl 2 l −1 , the cfu number decreased whereas enzyme activity remained high, i.e. the enzyme activity calculated cfu −1 increased. At higher chlorine doses both cfu and enzyme activity were reduced, but noncultivable cells retained assayable activity after chlorination. Mean values of the enzyme activity calculated cfu −1 decreased when the chlorine dosage was increased from 0·1 to 0·5 mg Cl 2 l −1 , but were not significantly different (P × 0·05) for dosages of 0·2-0·7 mg Cl 2 l −1 . After chlorination, b-D-galactosidase activity of E. coli was less reduced than cfu and direct viable count numbers, but more reduced than 5-cyano-2-3, ditolyl tetrazolium chloride and total cell counts, and the enzyme activity represented an alternative activity parameter of chlorinated samples.

show abstract

Section: Enzyme Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of chlorination on β-D-galactosidase activity of sewage bacteria and Escherichia coli

Tryland

Pommepuy

Fiksdal

1998

Journal of Applied Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Sections of biofilms in distribution systems can periodically break off and enter the bulk water (Daly et al 1998;Stoodley et al 2002). Microbial aggregates in the water are protected from exposure to chlorine disinfectants by the same mechanisms that protect microorganisms in biofilms, even in systems with a relatively constant disinfectant residual (Ridgway and Olson 1982;U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1992;Szewzyk et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic diversity of drinking water bacteria in a distribution system simulator

et al. 2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aims: To characterize the composition of microbial populations in a distribution system simulator (DSS) by direct sequence analysis of 16S rDNA clone libraries. Methods and Results: Bacterial populations were examined in chlorinated distribution water and chloraminated DSS feed and discharge water. Bacterial strains isolated from DSS discharge water on R2A medium were identified using 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The majority of the bacteria identified were a-proteobacteria, ranging from approx. 34% in the DSS discharge water to 94% of the DSS isolates. Species richness estimators Chao1 and ACE (abundance-based coverage estimators) indicated that the chlorinated distribution water sample was representative of the total population diversity, while the chloraminated DSS feed water sample was dominated by Hyphomicrobium sp. sequences. The DSS discharge water contained the greatest diversity of a-, b-, cproteobacteria, with 36% of the sequences being operational taxonomic units (OTUs, sequences with >97AE0% homology). Conclusions: This work demonstrated the dominance of a-proteobacteria in distribution system water under two different disinfectant residuals. The shift from chlorine to monochloramine residual may have played a role in bacterial population dynamics. Significance and Impact of the Study: Accurate identification of bacteria present in treated drinking water is needed in order to better determine the risk of regrowth of potentially pathogenic organisms within distribution systems.

show abstract

“…It is not known why these organisms should predominate, and while adaptation or resistance mechanisms could be involved, pseudomonads are ubiquitous in the environment and staphylococci are most likely to originate from skin squames shed by food operatives. The industry also recognizes that micro-organisms adhered to surfaces are more resistant to disinfectants than those in suspension (Ridgeway and Olsen 1982;Hugo et al 1985;Le Chevalier et al 1988;Frank and Koffi 1990;Wright et al 1991;Dhaliwal et al 1992;Ronner and Wong 1993;Andrade et al 1998). Similarly, micro-organisms are better able to resist disinfectants at the low temperatures associated with high risk, chilled food production (Taylor et al 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocide use in the food industry and the disinfectant resistance of persistent strains of Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli

Holah

Taylor

Dawson

et al. 2002

Journal of Applied Microbiology

161

116

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chlorine resistance patterns of bacteria from two drinking water distribution systems

Abstract: Hitachi model 100-20 spectrophotometer) of 0.01 to 0.02 and a cell concentration (using E. coli strain no.

Cited by 219 publications

References 30 publications

Effect of chlorination on β-D-galactosidase activity of sewage bacteria and Escherichia coli

Effect of chlorination on β-D-galactosidase activity of sewage bacteria and Escherichia coli

Phylogenetic diversity of drinking water bacteria in a distribution system simulator

Biocide use in the food industry and the disinfectant resistance of persistent strains of Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About