Chlorine Oxygen Acids and Salts, Chloric Acid and Chlorates

Abstract

Sodium chlorate is the primary raw material for the manufacture of chlorine dioxide, a bleaching agent in the pulp and paper industry. Increases in the chlorine dioxide substitution for chlorine in pulp bleaching have resulted in an average growth of 12%/y in production. Sodium chlorate is prepared electrolytically. The modern technology described minimizes sodium chloride and sodium dichromate impurities. Chlorates are powerful oxidizers, and they are also used in perchloric salt and uranium production. Chloric acid technologies have been developed which allow the generation of chlorine dioxide directly from the acid, without the formation of sodium salts in the generator.

Plasmonic Heating-Assisted Laser-Induced Crystallization from a NaClO3 Unsaturated Mother Solution

“…These behaviors of crystals support the hypothesis that the solvent evaporation caused by plasmonic heating contributes to the increment of supersaturation for crystallization as follows. When an optically trapped nanoparticle is considered as a point heat source at the air/solution, the maximum temperature at the focal spot concentrically decays while following the inverse proportion manner as the position disengages from the focal spot in steady state. , The decay results in the concentric temperature distribution with the trapped nanoparticle as a center . With temperature elevation by plasmonic heating promoting the solvent evaporation taken into account, the concentric temperature decay possibly results in two situations depending on the distance from the center: (1) evaporation rate of solvent is fast enough relative to the diffusion rate of solvent molecule; (2) evaporation rate is slow relative to the diffusion rate.…”