Chlorine disinfection of grey water for reuse: Effect of organics and particles

Winward, Gideon P.; Avery, Lisa M.; Stephenson, Tom; Jefferson, Bruce

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2007.07.042

Cited by 174 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…22 increase in the effluent particle size and TSS exhibited a negative correlation with the chlorine 511 inactivation efficacy (Winward et al 2008), and may have adversely affected the disinfection 512 efficacy in the local WWTP. To illustrate, it was observed that the final effluent quality varied 513 during the course of this study.…”

Section: A C C E P T E D Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of bacterial contaminants and antibiotic resistance genes by conventional wastewater treatment processes in Saudi Arabia: Is the treated wastewater safe to reuse for agricultural irrigation?

et al. 2015

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Please cite this article as: Al-Jassim, N., Ansari, M.I., Harb, M., Hong, P.-Y., Removal of bacterial contaminants and antibiotic resistance genes by conventional wastewater treatment processes in Saudi Arabia: Is the treated wastewater safe to reuse for agricultural irrigation?, Water Research (2015Research ( ), doi: 10.1016Research ( /j.watres.2015 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. M A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Abstract 1This study aims to assess the removal efficiency of microbial contaminants in a local wastewater 2 treatment plant over the duration of one year, and to assess the microbial risk associated with 3 reusing treated wastewater in agricultural irrigation. The treatment process achieved 3.9 logs 4 removal of heterotrophic bacteria and up to 3.9 logs removal of fecal coliforms. The final 5 chlorinated effluent had 1.8 x 10 2 MPN/100 mL of fecal coliforms and fulfils the required quality 6 for restricted irrigation. 16S rRNA gene-based high-throughput sequencing showed that several 7 genera associated with opportunistic pathogens (e.g. Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, Arcobacter, 8 Legionella, Mycobacterium, Neisseria, Pseudomonas and Streptococcus) were detected at 9 relative abundance ranging from 0.010 to 21 % of the total microbial community in the influent. 10

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Section: A C C E P T E D Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of bacterial contaminants and antibiotic resistance genes by conventional wastewater treatment processes in Saudi Arabia: Is the treated wastewater safe to reuse for agricultural irrigation?

et al. 2015

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“…Compared to planktonically grown cells, detached cells and clusters have increased tolerance to antibiotics (12) or disinfection with chlorine (32), but they are less resistant than the attached biofilm itself. The efficacy of the disinfection of particle-associated cells is closely linked to the size of the particles, and failure of treatment may occur if prefiltration is not present or insufficient amounts of disinfectant are added (37). Regrowth of these cells may present a risk to human health and is also relevant in industrial settings and virtually any liquid flow scenario when surviving cells reattach to surfaces downstream of the disinfection site and form new biofilms.…”

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confidence: 99%

Comparing the Chlorine Disinfection of Detached Biofilm Clusters with Those of Sessile Biofilms and Planktonic Cells in Single- and Dual-Species Cultures

Behnke

Parker

Woodall

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Although the detachment of cells from biofilms is of fundamental importance to the dissemination of organisms in both public health and clinical settings, the disinfection efficacies of commonly used biocides on detached biofilm particles have not been investigated. Therefore, the question arises whether cells in detached aggregates can be killed with disinfectant concentrations sufficient to inactivate planktonic cells. Burkholderia cepacia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were grown in standardized laboratory reactors as single species and in coculture. Cluster size distributions in chemostats and biofilm reactor effluent were measured. Chlorine susceptibility was assessed for planktonic cultures, attached biofilm, and particles and cells detached from the biofilm. Disinfection tolerance generally increased with a higher percentage of larger cell clusters in the chemostat and detached biofilm. Samples with a lower percentage of large clusters were more easily disinfected. Thus, disinfection tolerance depended on the cluster size distribution rather than sample type for chemostat and detached biofilm. Intact biofilms were more tolerant to chlorine independent of species. Homogenization of samples led to significantly increased susceptibility in all biofilm samples as well as detached clusters for single-species B. cepacia, B. cepacia in coculture, and P. aeruginosa in coculture. The disinfection efficacy was also dependent on species composition; coculture was advantageous to the survival of both species when grown as a biofilm or as clusters detached from biofilm but, surprisingly, resulted in a lower disinfection tolerance when they were grown as a mixed planktonic culture.

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“…Several factors may contribute to the increased time and energy demands for electrochemical disinfection with the introduction of fecal contamination: (1) the diversity of human fecal bacteria (Newton et al, 2015) allows for the possibility of chlorine-resistant subpopulations, compared with the (presumably) homogenous population of cultured E. coli; (2) fecal particulate matter could shield bacteria from inactivation by chlorine (Winward, Avery, Stephenson, & Jefferson, 2008); (3) the association of organic chlorine demand with fecal particulate matter competing for free chlorine with particulate matter-associated bacteria (Dickenson & Sansalone, 2012); or (4) some combination of these factors.…”

Section: Impact Of Fecal Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an Electrochemical Process for Blackwater Disinfection in a Freestanding, Additive-Free Toilet

Sellgren¹,

Gregory²,

Hunt³

et al. 2017

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This PDF document was made available from www.rti.org as a public service of RTI International. More information about RTI Press can be found at http://www.rti.org/ rtipress. RTI International is an independent, nonprofit research organization dedicated to improving the human condition by turning knowledge into practice. The RTI Press mission is to disseminate information about RTI research, analytic tools, and technical expertise to a national and international audience. RTI Press publications are peerreviewed by at least two independent substantive experts and one or more Press editors.

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Chlorine disinfection of grey water for reuse: Effect of organics and particles

Cited by 174 publications

References 27 publications

Removal of bacterial contaminants and antibiotic resistance genes by conventional wastewater treatment processes in Saudi Arabia: Is the treated wastewater safe to reuse for agricultural irrigation?

Removal of bacterial contaminants and antibiotic resistance genes by conventional wastewater treatment processes in Saudi Arabia: Is the treated wastewater safe to reuse for agricultural irrigation?

Comparing the Chlorine Disinfection of Detached Biofilm Clusters with Those of Sessile Biofilms and Planktonic Cells in Single- and Dual-Species Cultures

Development of an Electrochemical Process for Blackwater Disinfection in a Freestanding, Additive-Free Toilet

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