Chlorine Disinfection of Atypical Mycobacteria Isolated from a Water Distribution System

Dantec, Corinne Le; Duguet, J.P.; Montiel, A.; Dumoutier, Nadine; Dubrou, S.; Vincent, Véronique

doi:10.1128/aem.68.3.1025-1032.2002

Cited by 198 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…NTM often occur in biofilms that form in water supply systems (Falkinham et al 2001;Le Dantec et al 2002a, 2002b. In this study, the Mycobacterium specific 65 kDa heat shock protein gene, an effective target for species differentiation in mycobacteria (Khan and Yadav 2004), was used to determine the diversity of Mycobacterium species in DWDS biofilms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous research indicated that Mycobacterium chelonae and Mycobacterium fortuitum were more resistant, whereas Mycobacterium aurum appeared to be the most susceptible mycobacterial species to chlorine. Le Dantec et al (2002a) calculated that chlorination at 0.5 mg·L -1 chlorine for 2 h could eliminate over 4 log units of M. gordonae, but only 1.5 log units of M. fortuitum or M. chelonae. Considering the relatively high level of residual chlorine in water from Guangzhou, M. arupense seems more resistant to chloride than M. gordonae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diversity of bacteria and mycobacteria in biofilms of two urban drinking water distribution systems

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2012

Can. J. Microbiol.

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In this study, to give insight into the bacterial diversity of biofilms from full-scale drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs), the bacterial community compositions of biofilms from two urban DWDSs (Guangzhou and Beijing, China) were determined using a 16S rRNA gene library technique. Meanwhile, the occurrence and diversity of mycobacteria were also analyzed by a Mycobacterium -specific hsp gene assay. The biofilms from the full-scale DWDSs have complex bacterial populations. Proteobacteria was the common and predominant group in all biofilm samples, in agreement with previous reports. The community structures of bacteria at the three sites in Guangzhou DWDS were significantly different, despite the similar physicochemical properties of portable water. Some abundant and peculiar bacterial phylotypes were noteworthy, including Methylophilus , Massilia , and Planomicrobium , members of which are rarely found in DWDSs and their roles in DWDS biofilms are still unclear. The diversity of Mycobacterium species in biofilm samples was rather low. Mycobacterium arupense and Mycobacterium gordonae were the primary Mycobacterium species in Guangzhou and Beijing biofilms, respectively, indicating that M. arupense may be more resistant to chloride than M. gordonae.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of bacteria and mycobacteria in biofilms of two urban drinking water distribution systems

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2012

Can. J. Microbiol.

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“…hypochiorite solution depends on the concentration of HOCI but not on the total AC concentration (Brazis et al, 1958, Charlton andLevine, 1935;Dantec, et al, 2002;Sagripanti and Bonifacino, 1996). This is attributed to the penetration of HOCl into the microbial cell across the cell wall and membrane.…”

Section: Oxidizing Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Actions of Sodium Hypochlorite in Cleaning and Disinfection Processes

2006

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Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCI) is the most widely used disinfectant in the food industry despite the increasing availability of other disinfectants.Sodium hypochlorite fulfills many requirements as the ideal disinfectant and furthermore it has an excellent cleaning action. The effectiveness of sodium hypochlorite in the cleaning and disinfection processes depends on the concentration of available chlorine and the pH of the solution. Hypochlorous acid (HOCI) is a weak acid and dissociates to the hypochlorite ion (-OCI) and proton (H+) depending on the solution pH. It is generally believed that HOCI is the active species in the germicidal action, whereas the concentration of -OCI is a key factor determining the cleaning efficiency. This implies that the optimal pH region of the germicidal activity of sodium hypochlorite differs from that of its cleaning activity. This paper describes the theory and practice of the cleaning and disinfecting operations based on the use of sodium hypochlorite solution.

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“…They pose a particular risk of severe infections in individuals with immunocompromising conditions. Compared to most other bacterial species, mycobacteria are exceptionally resistant to disinfection with chemicals such as chlorine (2,24,33,46). Thus, they may survive chemical treatments at waterworks and enter the distributed water and finally tap water, where their occurrence has been known since the beginning of the 20th century (reviewed by Collins et al [3]).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacteria in Water and Loose Deposits of Drinking Water Distribution Systems in Finland

Torvinen

Suomalainen

Lehtola

et al. 2004

Appl Environ Microbiol

140

112

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Drinking water distribution systems were analyzed for viable counts of mycobacteria by sampling water from waterworks and in different parts of the systems. In addition, loose deposits collected during mechanical cleaning of the main pipelines were similarly analyzed. The study covered 16 systems at eight localities in Finland. In an experimental study, mycobacterial colonization of biofilms on polyvinyl chloride tubes in a system was studied. The isolation frequency of mycobacteria increased from 35% at the waterworks to 80% in the system, and the number of mycobacteria in the positive samples increased from 15 to 140 CFU/liter, respectively. Mycobacteria were isolated from all 11 deposits with an accumulation time of tens of years and from all 4 deposits which had accumulated during a 1-year follow-up time. The numbers of mycobacteria were high in both old and young deposits (medians, 1.8 ؋ 10 5 and 3.9 ؋ 10 5 CFU/g [dry weight], respectively). Both water and deposit samples yielded the highest numbers of mycobacteria in the systems using surface water and applying ozonation as an intermediate treatment or posttreatment. The number and growth of mycobacteria in system waters correlated strongly with the concentration of assimilable organic carbon in the water leaving the waterworks. The densities of mycobacteria in the developing biofilms were highest at the distal sites of the systems. Over 90% of the mycobacteria isolated from water and deposits belonged to Mycobacterium lentiflavum, M. tusciae, M. gordonae, and a previously unclassified group of mycobacteria. Our results indicate that drinking water systems may be a source for recently discovered new mycobacterial species.

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Chlorine Disinfection of Atypical Mycobacteria Isolated from a Water Distribution System

Cited by 198 publications

References 41 publications

Diversity of bacteria and mycobacteria in biofilms of two urban drinking water distribution systems

Diversity of bacteria and mycobacteria in biofilms of two urban drinking water distribution systems

Mechanisms of Actions of Sodium Hypochlorite in Cleaning and Disinfection Processes

Mycobacteria in Water and Loose Deposits of Drinking Water Distribution Systems in Finland

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