Chlorine demand of biofilms in water distribution systems

Lu, Wen Jing; Kiéné, L.; Lévi, Yves

doi:10.1016/s0043-1354(98)00229-2

Cited by 78 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The microorganisms already present in the water introduced into the supply network, even in small amounts, can promote the phenomena of microbial regrowth in pipes when the water has a sufficient content of organic substrate and nutrients (e.g., phosphorus), and the microorganisms are in the presence of DO, and when there are the thermal conditions stimulating bacterial replication [22,23]. These conditions generally are present in all types of pipes [24].…”

Section: Microbial Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The k b values were estimated for distribution networks [22,38]: the values vary from 0.01 h −1 to 0.3 h −1 . For the determination of k b as a function of temperature and concentration of the organic carbon, Kiene et al (1998) [38] proposed the following experimental procedure: Temperature between 5 • C and 25 • C and TOC concentration between 1 and 3 mgC L −1 :…”

Section: Data Analysis Section-modeling Of the Chlorine Consumption Wmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Consumption of Free Chlorine in an Aqueduct Scheme with Low Protection: Case Study of the New Aqueduct Simbrivio-Castelli (NASC), Italy

Torretta

Tolkou

Katsoyiannis

et al. 2018

Water

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Abstract:The safety of high quality drinking water supply relies on the quantities to be delivered, on the complexity of the water supply systems, and on the widespread phenomena of the contamination of water bodies. These parameters indicate the need for the development of an application that will allow the quick acquisition of data on strategic management. This is requires both the analysis of factors related to the hydraulic operation of the plants and the characteristics of water quality. The present paper aims to evaluate the use of models that predict data for water quality in a distribution system. The assessment is made in order to consider the use of the model as a support tool for the management system of a supply network and to optimize the quality of the provided service. The improvement of the control system related to the operations of disinfection, in particular, in the case of long pipelines, is absolutely mandatory in order to ensure the safety of public health and respect for the environment at high levels.

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Section: Microbial Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Analysis Section-modeling Of the Chlorine Consumption Wmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumption of Free Chlorine in an Aqueduct Scheme with Low Protection: Case Study of the New Aqueduct Simbrivio-Castelli (NASC), Italy

Torretta

Tolkou

Katsoyiannis

et al. 2018

Water

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“…Water at community standpipe taps (Table 1) had unacceptable levels of chlorine (< 0.2mg/l) that can be attributed to low chlorine levels at the reservoirs and further depletions during conveyance in the very old pipes in the network. Several factors however influence chlorine decay in water distribution network (Gauthier et al,, 2000;Clark et al, 1999;Niquette et al, 2000;Trussell, 1999;Wen Lu et al, 1999). Some households, for instance, receive water at specific times of the day only and the water pressure fluctuate very much (Ecuru, 2002).…”

Section: Fig 2 Mean Free and Total Residual Chlorine (With Standardmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring Residual Chlorine Decay and Coliform Contamination in Water Distribution Network of Kampala, Uganda

Ecuru¹,

Okot-Okumu²,

Okurut³

2011

Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management

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ABSTRACT:The study was undertaken to examine water quality in the distribution network of Kampala City by assessing five storage reservoirs and four consumer taps. The aim was to evaluate residual chlorine decay and relate it to the risk of recontamination. Physicochemical quality of water in the distribution network was temperature 25.6(24.23-28.66) pH 6.6 (6.5-7.1); turbidity 1.9 (0.5-4.5) NTU; colour 17.2 (2.0-54) PtCo, ammonia 0.02 (0.0-0.05) mgl -1 , and Fe2 + 0.005 (0-0.0.08) mgl -1 . Residual chlorine decay was significant between the Water Treatment Plant (WTP) and the storage tanks (Total Chlorine, F=35.67, P< 0.05; Free Chlorine, F=37.97, P<0.05) and consumer taps (P<0.05) and chlorine concentrations were lower that the WHO (2008) recommended levels in two reservoirs and most of the community standpipe taps. The findings in this study provide a typical scenario of water distribution network in African urban areas and the conditions that increase the risk of recontamination. The information generated is important to the scientific community for designing further research to ensure consumer safety. The Water Board can use the generated information and recommendations in this study for better planning and management of the water distribution network. @JASEM

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“…In spite of the addition of disinfectants in the drinkable water networks, some bacteria resist, adapt themselves and proliferate [1,2]. Their resistance is due to the presence of fixed and complex microbial ecosystems known as biofilms [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of orthophosphate addition on biofilm development in drinking water distribution systems

Gouider

Bouzid

Sayadi

et al. 2009

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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Chlorine demand of biofilms in water distribution systems

Cited by 78 publications

References 7 publications

Consumption of Free Chlorine in an Aqueduct Scheme with Low Protection: Case Study of the New Aqueduct Simbrivio-Castelli (NASC), Italy

Consumption of Free Chlorine in an Aqueduct Scheme with Low Protection: Case Study of the New Aqueduct Simbrivio-Castelli (NASC), Italy

Monitoring Residual Chlorine Decay and Coliform Contamination in Water Distribution Network of Kampala, Uganda

Impact of orthophosphate addition on biofilm development in drinking water distribution systems

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