CHLORINATION OF METHANE WITH COPPER CHLORIDE MELTS. TERNARY SYSTEM, CuCl–CuCl<sub>2</sub>–KCl, AND ITS EQUILIBRIUM CHLORINE PRESSURES

Fontana, C. M.; Gorin, E.; Kidder, Gerald; Meredith, Cynthia

doi:10.1021/ie50506a044

Cited by 56 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 2 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In accordance with the result of [1,15], the foUowing assignments are suggested: K2CuC13-KC1 and K2CuCh-KCI-KCuC13:498-518 K, KzCuChKCuC13:573-593 K, CuCI2-CuCI: 663 _+ 5 K.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…The second endothermic effect, with minimum at 573-593 K, occurs in the DTA curves of both the catalysts and the salt mixtures [2]. It may be attributed [1] to melting of the eutectic K2CuC14-KCuCI3 or KzCuCI4-KC1. The third endothermic effect is observed for the mixtures of CuC12 and KC1 [2] (peak temperature 603-618 K), but not for the catalysts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In the DTA curves of the catalysts and the mixtures of CuC12 and KC1 [2], three well outlined endothermic effects are observed in the temperature range 473-773 K. The minimum of the first endothermic effect is at 498-518 K for the catalysts, and at 533-543 K for CuClz and KC1. As far as the catalysts are concerned, this may be attributed to the triple phase transition of K2CuCh-KC1-KCuC13 (498 K) or the double transition of K2CuCI3-KC1 (518 K) [1], whereas a triple transition of K2CuC14-KC1-KCuC13 (540 K) [1] can occur at 533-543 K. It may be presumed that, due to the presence of the carrier, the compound K2CuCh is formed inside the active phase of the catalyst, in which the copper is present as Cu(I). This is probably due to the effect of the carrier surface area on the superimposed mixture of salts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neither is the structure of these mixtures known in phase areas through which they have to pass until the reaction temperature is reached [1,2]. Investigation of the structure of the active phase of the ethene oxychlorination catalyst of the type carrier-CuCl2, KC1 is complicated, due to the presence of the carrier.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

DTA analysis of the system carrier-CuCl2, KCl. part I

Żurowski¹

1990

Journal of Thermal Analysis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

DTA analysis of carrier-CuCl2, KCI catalysts with total active salt contents of from 17.68 to 33.27%, and with Cu:K molar ratios of from 0.691 to 0.922, revealed a number of r dothermic processes within the temperature range 293-773 IL The extents of these processes depended on the total salt content and the Cu:K molar ratio. The influence of the carrier on the active phase constitution was observed.

show abstract

“…In accordance with the result of [1,15], the foUowing assignments are suggested: K2CuC13-KC1 and K2CuCh-KCI-KCuC13:498-518 K, KzCuChKCuC13:573-593 K, CuCI2-CuCI: 663 _+ 5 K.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

DTA analysis of the system carrier-CuCl2, KCl. part I

Żurowski¹

1990

Journal of Thermal Analysis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Phase diagrams of CuC12~uCI for specified contents of KC1 have been reported [3]. Similar data on the system CuCI2-KCI where copper(I) chloride is absent are not available.…”

mentioning

confidence: 79%

DTA analysis of the system CuCl2-KCl

Czarny

Żurowski

1987

Journal of Thermal Analysis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mixtures of CuCI 2 and KC1 in molar ratios of Cu to K of from 0.5 to 1.0 were heated at 473 K in an air atmosphere, and then subjected to DTA analysis in the temperature range 293-773 K. A number of endothermic processes were observed, the extents of these depending on the molar ratio of Cu to K in the mixture.In the presence of potassium chloride, CuCI 2 forms complex compounds K2CuCI,, and KCuCI3 [1,2]. Phase diagrams of CuC12~uCI for specified contents of KC1 have been reported [3]. Similar data on the system CuCI2-KCI where copper(I) chloride is absent are not available. In the system CuC12-KC1, the transition of K2CuCI~ into KCuCI3 [4, 5] has been found to be possible within the temperature range 365-390 K.The present work involved thermogravimetric investigations of the system CuCI2-KCI in which the molar ratio of CuCI 2 to KCI was varied from 0.5 to 1.0 within the temperature range 293-773 K. Thermogravimetric investigations were supplemented by X-ray analysis. ExperimentalTo obtain the system CuCI2-KCI, dihydrous copper(II) chloride and potassium chloride (POCh Gliwice) were used. Weighed quantities of the two salts, in appropriate proportions, were dissolved in 100 cm 3 of distilled water and the solution was next evaporated to dryness at 343 K. The dry residue was crushed and ground. Powdered samples were roasted at 473 K for 2 h in an air atmosphere. After cooling down to room temperature, the samples were subjected to thermogravimetric and X-ray analyses.Mixtures with molar ratios of CuC12 to KC1 of 0.5, 0.614, 0.692, 0.768, 0.845, 0.922 and 1.0 were prepared as described above. Thermogravimetric analyses were made with a derivatograph (MOM, Budapest, Hungary) within the temperature John Wiley & Sons, Limited, Chichester Akad~miai Kiad6, Budapest

show abstract

Oxychlorination – Heterogeneous

Taârit

2002

Encyclopedia of Catalysis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A brief account of the halogenation of organic compounds to manufacture products of practical use, such as halomethanes, chloroaromatics, chloroaliphatics, and vinyl chlorides, is given as an introduction. The production of chlorine, the chief halogenation agent, starting from HCl, a major by‐product, is also briefly reviewed. The Deacon process, particularly its thermodynamic aspects, is surveyed. The oxychlorination of ethene and methane is then covered in depth. The reaction thermodynamics shows its advantage against the plain Deacon. Most of the operating processes use the favourite Cucl 2 ‐based catalyst. The role of alkali chlorides is examined. The formation of the complex salt is thought to provide increased mobility and availability of the active species and a more effective reoxidation, an otherwise slow step. Agglomeration of the active species is also prevented owing to appropriate coordination. The overall kinetics are reviewed. The influence of the support is emphasized with respect to stickiness. The nature of the active sites is examined based on spectroscopic and catalytic performance studies. Finally, mechanistic speculations, in line with well‐established schemes in homogeneous catalysis, are offered and potential zeolite‐based catalysts are suggested.

show abstract

CHLORINATION OF METHANE WITH COPPER CHLORIDE MELTS. TERNARY SYSTEM, CuCl–CuCl₂–KCl, AND ITS EQUILIBRIUM CHLORINE PRESSURES

Cited by 56 publications

References 2 publications

DTA analysis of the system carrier-CuCl2, KCl. part I

DTA analysis of the system carrier-CuCl2, KCl. part I

DTA analysis of the system CuCl2-KCl

Oxychlorination – Heterogeneous

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

CHLORINATION OF METHANE WITH COPPER CHLORIDE MELTS. TERNARY SYSTEM, CuCl–CuCl2–KCl, AND ITS EQUILIBRIUM CHLORINE PRESSURES

Cited by 56 publications

References 2 publications

DTA analysis of the system carrier-CuCl2, KCl. part I

DTA analysis of the system carrier-CuCl2, KCl. part I

DTA analysis of the system CuCl2-KCl

Oxychlorination – Heterogeneous

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

CHLORINATION OF METHANE WITH COPPER CHLORIDE MELTS. TERNARY SYSTEM, CuCl–CuCl₂–KCl, AND ITS EQUILIBRIUM CHLORINE PRESSURES