Chlorination Byproducts

Anand, S. Satheesh; Philip, Binu K.; Mehendale, Harihara M.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-386454-3.00276-1

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…There are two main groups of DBPs: the first is a group of chemicals that are formed in the water by reaction of chlorine with organic matter. This group includes trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs), haloacetonitriles (HANs), halonitromethanes, haloacetamides, haloketones, chloral hydrate, and chloripicrin, that are formed when chlorine reacts with organic matter, whereas bromo THMs, HAAs, and HANs are formed when bromine is present in the water (Anand et al, 2014;. Some of these compounds are harmful to human health and for this reason maximum contaminant levels are established for them in drinking water.…”

Section: Chlorine Food Safety Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fresh-Cut Vegetables Processing: Environmental Sustainability and Food Safety Issues in a Comprehensive Perspective

Raffo

Paoletti

2022

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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The fresh-cut industry supplies the food market with healthy fresh fruit and vegetables and, in that way, may contribute to improve the nutritional status of the general population. On the other hand, over the last few years increasing concerns have been raised regarding the environmental impact of the fresh-cut industry, human health risks from exposure to disinfection by-products found in fresh-cut products and chlorine-based disinfection treatments during produce processing. This review provides a comprehensive view of the main interlinked aspects related to food safety and environmental impact of processing of fresh-cut vegetables. Advantages and downsides of the mainstream disinfection strategy, based on the use of chlorine-related disinfecting agents, along with some alternative treatments close to a wide commercial application, are discussed. Limitation in the application of these strategies to processing of organic fresh-cut produce are also highlighted, examining the specific environmental and food safety problems in the organic sector. Areas where lack of available information hinders at present a clear understanding of priorities of research and action are pointed out. Innovative conceptual tools are proposed to address these multiple and interlinking issues and to overcome limitations of currently available technologies. A comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach is suggested to move toward a more safe and environmentally sustainable production of fresh-cut products.

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Section: Chlorine Food Safety Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fresh-Cut Vegetables Processing: Environmental Sustainability and Food Safety Issues in a Comprehensive Perspective

Raffo

Paoletti

2022

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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“…In addition, the basic nature of RC-ITB in comparison to its precursor coded with RC was evaluated by pH value measurements via pH meter (PHS-3C). The measurements were made by making six different solutions for 1 g of catalyst in 5,10,15,20,25,30,35, and 40 mL of distilled water. 28,29 Transesterification of Waste Cooking Palm Oil.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

OH-Impregnated Household Bleach-Making Sediments for the Catalysis of Waste Cooking Oil Transesterification: Parameter Optimization

Mekonnen,

Yesuf

2024

ACS Omega

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Industrial and academic societies have been bothered with the generation and subsequent management of residues settled out from household bleach, due to its corrosive properties. Therefore, the aim of this research was to introduce a NaOH-impregnated calcium-based solid catalyst from the aforementioned sediments for waste cooking oil transesterification. To prepare the catalyst (RC-ITB), the wet impregnation technique was followed and successfully characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence(XRF), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) methods. The study findings suggested that RC-ITB has a BET surface area of 9.312 m2 g–1 and is largely made up of calcium with its compound forms such as carbonates, hydroxides, and oxides. The evaluation of pH values verified that RC-ITB is more alkaline (i.e., pH = 12.65) relative to its precursor RC (pH = 10.66), largely attributable to OH impregnation. To study the catalytic performance, three numeric factors with three levels of treatment were used, and their influences were analyzed through a response surface approach. Accordingly, the optimal yield of biodiesel was found to be 80.04% at a reaction temperature of 61 ± 2 °C, catalyst weight of 6.33 wt %, and a molar ratio of 23.94. Moreover, FTIR analysis verified that the glycerol part of triglycerides had been replaced with a methoxyl unit. Also, the fuel quality parameters of the FAME product were examined, including density, kinematic viscosity, acid value, density, cetane number, cloud point, saponification value, and pour point; all of these values fall within the ASTM D6751-accepted limits. Thus, the findings showed that the sediments of household bleach production could be a candidate source to explore heterogeneous basic catalysts.

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“…87 This treatment is an oxidative process that is not commonly used in the removal of organic or inorganic contaminants, mainly due to the formation of toxic byproducts. 87,88 However, there are a few studies where the chlorination method was evaluated for the removal of EDCs. For example, a study assessed the effectiveness of chlorination for removing BPA, TCS, and 4NP and its ethoxylates named NP1EO and NP2EO.…”

Section: Fate and Removal Of Endocrine Disruptors In Conventional Wwtpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method is usually employed in WWTPs for the disinfection of wastewater by adding Cl 2 or Ca(OCl) 2 /NaOCl to previously treated wastewater. 87 This treatment is an oxidative process that is not commonly used in the removal of organic or inorganic contaminants, mainly due to the formation of toxic byproducts. 87,88 However, there are a few studies where the chlorination method was evaluated for the removal of EDCs.…”

Section: Fate and Removal Of Endocrine Disruptors In Conventional Wwtpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental persistence, detection, and mitigation of endocrine disrupting contaminants in wastewater treatment plants – a review with a focus on tertiary treatment technologies

Rodríguez-Hernández

Araújo

López-Pacheco

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci.: Adv.

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Chlorination Byproducts

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

Fresh-Cut Vegetables Processing: Environmental Sustainability and Food Safety Issues in a Comprehensive Perspective

Fresh-Cut Vegetables Processing: Environmental Sustainability and Food Safety Issues in a Comprehensive Perspective

OH-Impregnated Household Bleach-Making Sediments for the Catalysis of Waste Cooking Oil Transesterification: Parameter Optimization

Environmental persistence, detection, and mitigation of endocrine disrupting contaminants in wastewater treatment plants – a review with a focus on tertiary treatment technologies

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