Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Pesticides in Major U.S. River Basins. A Synoptic View

Weaver, Leo; Gunnerson, Charles G.; Breidenbach, Andrew W.; Lichtenberg, James J.

doi:10.2307/4592456

Cited by 46 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Despite measures taken to reduce the input of these contaminants into the environment, these compounds and their metabolites persist in the Great Lakes' ecosystem (Tanabe 1988). Significant amounts are still present in the air, water and soil, allowing the contaminants to traverse through the food chain to upper trophic‐level organisms (Weaver et al . 1965; Tanabe et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Great Lakes' contaminants reduce sperm production and fertilizing ability in mice

et al. 2002

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The long‐term effects of Great Lakes' contaminants on male reproductive performance resulting from lactational and dietary exposure were investigated. Female C57BL/6 J mice (F‐0) were mated with DBA/2 J male mice to produce B6D2‐F1 offspring. Dams (F‐0) were fed one of three treatment diets during lactation. The three treatment diets were: (i) diet C, containing lab chow and fish oil; (ii) diet I, containing 60% Iowa carp and 40% lab chow; and (iii) diet G, containing 60% Great Lakes' carp and 40% lab chow. Diet C served as a lab‐chow control treatment, while diet I served as a fish‐diet control treatment. Diet G contained 2500 µg of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 300 µg of 1,1‐dichloro‐2,2‐bis‐[p‐chlorophenyl]ethylene (4,4′‐DDE) per kilogram of feed. The offspring (F‐1) were continued on their respective maternal treatment diets from weaning until termination. Greater neonatal mortality and lesser body weights were observed in the F‐1 male mice on diet G. Lesser fecundity was observed in one‐year‐old F‐1 male mice on diet G following pairing with non‐treated female mice. The sperm concentration of F‐1 male mice on diet G was less than 30% of that of mice on diets C and I. The in vitro fertilizing ability of the sperm decreased to 10% of that of mice on the two control diets. Sperm motility, velocity, linearity and amplitude of lateral head (ALH) displacement were also decreased in 15‐month‐old F‐1 male mice on diet G.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Great Lakes' contaminants reduce sperm production and fertilizing ability in mice

et al. 2002

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“…Arrangement of the samples in sequence according to increasing concentration of DDT residues (Table 2) shows a progression according to both size and trophic level, larger organisms and higher carnivores having greater concentrations than smaller organisms In general, the concentrations of DDT residues in carnivorous birds were 10 to 100 times those in the fish on which they feed. Concentrations of DDT in the waters of Great South Bay must be assumed to be less than the 0.0012-ppm saturation limit, a reasonable estimate probably being closer to 0.00005 ppm (4,12). Based on this estimate, birds near the top of these food chains have concentrations of DDT residues about a million times greater than the concentration in the water.…”

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confidence: 97%

DDT Residues in an East Coast Estuary: A Case of Biological Concentration of a Persistent Insecticide

Woodwell

Wurster

Isaacson

1967

Science

255

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DDT residues in the soil of an extensive salt marsh on the south shore of Long Island averaged more than 13 pounds per acre (15 kilograms per hectare); the maximum was 32 pounds per acre (36 kilograms per hectare). A systematic sampling of various organisms from the vicinity showed concentrations of DDT increasing with trophic level through more than three orders of magnitude from 0.04 part per million in plankton to 75 parts per million in a ring-billed gull. Highest concentrations occurred in scavenging and carnivorous fish and birds, although birds had 10 to 100 times more than fish. These concentrations approach those in animals dying from DDT poisoning, which suggests that many natural populations in this area are now being affected, possibly limited, by DDT residues. Similar concentrations have been reported elsewhere in North America.

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“…DDT[1 , 1, 1-trichloro-2 ,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane] was introduced into the aquatic environment indirectly (26,41) and directly, with the object of controlling the insect vectors of animal diseases (32). The insecticide can be detected in the surface waters or bottom sediments of springs (37), wells (17), sewage effluents (20), irrigation canals (17, 18), ponds (2), lakes (17,25,28), streams (6,8,15,20,40), rivers (1,4,13,17,28,35), river estuaries (3,39), and tidal marshes (11). It was reported that DDT and its analogues are accumulated by freshwater and marine plants (2,8,9,11,19,25,27) and animals (2, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14-16, 19, 21,22,25,31,33,36,40,43).…”

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confidence: 99%