Chlorinated Diphenyl Ethers in Great Lakes Fish and Their Environmental Implication

Abstract

Tetra-to decachlorodiphenyl ether (CDPE) concentrations were measured in lake trout and walleye, fish that represent the higher trophic levels in the North American Great Lakes GC MS analyses indicated the mean total CDPE concentrations were 4, 16, 57, and 126 kg/kg in whole fish from Lakes Superior, Huron, Erie, and Ontario, respectively The number of known and unidentified congeners detected above the 0 4 pg/kg detection limit ranged from six to 24 congeners among the lakes, and this number increased with the total concentration of CDPEs The C1, homologue represented 46 to 61% of total CDPEs in Lakes Huron, Erie, and Ontario, and the CIS, Cl,, and C1, homologues represented 78 to 93% of total CDPE concentrations About 83 to 91% of total CDPEs detected in these samples were identified from analytical standards Rank correlation analyses indicated no significant differences among the relative concentration patterns of congeners in Lakes Ontario, Erie, and Huron fish A similar congener pattern was not shown in Lake Superior fish because of relatively higher contributions from unidentified C1, and CI,-DPEs

Early Life-Stage Mortalities of Japanese Medaka (Oryzias Latipes) Exposed to Polychlorinated Diphenyl Ethers

“…The GC on this instrument was equipped with a 60-m DB5 capillary column (0.25 mm i.d.). The PCDEs, PCDDs, and PCDFs were quantitated in all samples by electron impact MS in selected ion mode (SIM) using previously published characteristic ions [10,13]. PCDE congeners were quantitated by using a standard purchased from J. Paasivirta, University of Jyvaskyla, Finland, which contains 45 tetrachloro-to decachlorodiphenyl ether compounds.…”

“…PCDEs have also been detected in the vicinity of chemical manufacturing plants [9,10]. Although analytical data for PCDEs in biota are limited, these compounds have been detected in fish from the Great Lakes [10][11][12], including lake trout from Lake Ontario at concentrations of 54-303 ng/g wet weight [13].…”

Influence of iron and copper oxides on polychlorinated diphenyl ether formation in heterogeneous reactions

“…PCDEs mainly arise as by-products of technical chlorophenols and chlorinated phenoxyacetic acids during incomplete combustion (Nevalainen and Koistinen 1994). PCDEs are a group of ubiquitous pollutants, which have been detected in a number of environmental samples including sediments, mussels, fish, birds, seals, foodstuffs, and human tissue (Sinkkonen and Paasivirta 2000;Stanley et al 1990; Koistinen et al 1995aKoistinen et al , 1997Niimi et al 1994). Wide distribution, high lipophilicity, and persistence of PCDEs have raised concern about their bioaccumulation, their potential biomagnification in the food webs, and their adverse effects (Domingo et al 2006;Xu et al 2010).…”

Ethoxyresorufin‐O‐deethylase induction potency of polychlorinated diphenyl ethers in H4IIE rat hepatoma cells

“…The occurrence of PCDEs in environmental samples supports the conclusion that they are persistent and can bioaccumulate. Polychlorinated diphenyl ethers have been detected in mussels and clams [6], fish [3][4][5][7][8][9][10][11], seals [3; J. Koistinen et al, unpublished data], birds [12][13][14], sediment [3], and humans [15][16][17][18] in the environment may be contributing to adverse effects similar to those caused by PCDDs, PCDFs, and certain non-ortho-PCBs [19]. If the published toxic potencies of certain PCDEs relative to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) are correct, current concentrations of PCDEs in some environmental matrices could contribute significantly to the total 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents measured.…”