Chlorinated dioxins and furans in emissions from municipal incineration

Scheidl, Katharina S.; Kuna, R.-P.; Wurst, Friedrich Martin

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(85)90215-2

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 6 publications

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“…Although some papers reported measured emissions for vapor phase as well as particulate CDDs in flue gas, most literature does not distinguish between the two. In several emission tests, the levels of 2,3,7,8-TCDD in the gas phase were higher than those measured on captured particulate matter [4,7,10,15]. In one study testing a municipal incinerator, virtually all CDD emissions in the stack were in the gas phase [15].…”

Section: Emission Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of multimedia environmental contamination of 2,3,7,8‐TCDD emissions from municipal waste incinerators

Hwang

1990

Environ. Prog.

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2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo–p–dioxin (2,3,7,8–TCDD) is known to be most toxic among congeners of polychlorinated dibenzo–p–dioxins (CDD), and is known to cause cancer to humans upon prolonged exposure—even at extremely low dosag. The municipal waste incinerator is one of the combustion devices where literature test result have shown the presence of 2,3,7,8‐TCDD or CDDs in flue gas or ash. A recent report compiled by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [13] also lists other combustion devices such as smelters, sewage sludge incinerators, wire reclamation incinerators, and drum and barrel furnaces. In addition, Sheffield [11] mentions forest fires and several types of chemical production facilities as sources. Des rosier and Lee [2] cite PCB transformer fires as a potential source of 2,3,7,8–TCDD formation. The primary focus of this paper is to present the potential of environmental contamination due to emissions of 2,3,7,8‐TCDD and disposal of fly ash generated from the incineration of municipal waste. Example assessments for municipal incinerators presented in this paper are based on presently available estimation techniques and hence represent estimates for environmental concentrations. exposures and health risks. Although actual emission data are used, uncertainties associated with the estimates cannot be fully assessed until these estimates are compared with some monitoring data, especially concerning environmental concentrations related to indirect exposure pathways.

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Section: Emission Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of multimedia environmental contamination of 2,3,7,8‐TCDD emissions from municipal waste incinerators

Hwang

1990

Environ. Prog.

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Supercritical fluid extraction of polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins from municipal incinerator fly ash

Onuska¹,

Terry²

1991

J. High Resol. Chromatogr.

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Key Words :Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) Fly ash Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins GC-MS SummaryThe supercritical fluid extraction of polychlorinated dibenzoappardtus, followed by clean-up and concentiation steps p-dioxins from an incinerator fly ash sample has been investialthough many procedures have been published that most gated; supercritical nitrous oxide and its mixtures with methacommonly used involves treatment with 3 % hydrochloric acid no1 and toluene were employed as mobile phases.followed by extraction with toluene for 20 hours (41 Recoveries of individual polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins congeners were calculated from results of analysis of I3C-labeled dioxins by high resolution GC-MS employing selected ion monitoring. The extraction procedure was compared with extraction in a Soxhlet apparatus, which is currently used as a standard method for removing chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins from fly ash samples: the results indicated that the time required for the extraction and clean-up can be reduced from 24 to 2.5 hours/sample. Quantitative recovery of the chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins was achieved at yg/kg levels, the relative standard deviation was between 1.8 and 5.8 YO.The use of a virtually inert fluid such as pure nitrous oxide provides significant improvement over conventional extraction procedures because no solvent residue is left in the processed extract.

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Polycyclic aromatic compounds of environmental and occupational importance ? Their occurrence, toxicity and the development of high-purity certified reference materials

Jacob

Karcher

Belliardo³

et al. 1991

Fresenius J Anal Chem

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Chlorinated dioxins and furans in emissions from municipal incineration

Cited by 8 publications

References 6 publications

Estimation of multimedia environmental contamination of 2,3,7,8‐TCDD emissions from municipal waste incinerators

Estimation of multimedia environmental contamination of 2,3,7,8‐TCDD emissions from municipal waste incinerators

Supercritical fluid extraction of polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins from municipal incinerator fly ash

Polycyclic aromatic compounds of environmental and occupational importance ? Their occurrence, toxicity and the development of high-purity certified reference materials

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