Chlorinated dioxins and dibenzothiophenes in fly ash samples from combustion of peat, wood chips, refuse derived fuel and liquid packaging boards

Sinkkonen, Seija; Mäkelä, Raili; Vesterinen, Raili; Lahtiperä, Mirja

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(95)94372-u

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…A high chloride content may also lead to a higher risk of dioxin formation [51]. The emissions of dioxins from the combustion of wheat straw pellets [40,51] and peat pellets [52] have been studied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wheat straw and peat for fuel pellets—organic compounds from combustion

Olsson

2006

Biomass and Bioenergy

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Wood pellets are an environmentally friendly biofuel with no net contribution to global warming. Today, the demand for wood pellets for residential heating is rapidly increasing in Sweden and many other countries. Therefore, alternative raw materials for pellet production, such as wheat straw and peat, are of great interest. Before these new fuels are widely used, it is important to study the emissions to air during combustion. The smoke contains a large number of compounds which, to varying degrees, can affect health and the environment. Specific organic compounds from five sequential combustion stages; initial smouldering, early flaming, late flaming, after-flame smouldering and final glowing, were determined for incomplete combustion of straw and peat/wood pellets on a laboratory scale and compared to those from softwood pellets. The emissions from incomplete combustion reflect the chemical composition of the fuel. During initial smouldering of the studied fuels, methoxyphenols from the lignin of the fuels were released at high concentrations. Relatively high concentrations of 1,6-anhydroglucose and furan-related compounds, originating from the polysaccharides of the fuel, were also found during this stage, especially in peat/wood pellet smoke. During flaming burning, wood pellets burned more efficiently and with even lower emissions than the other fuels. Afterflame smouldering of the studied pellets, especially straw pellets, released high concentrations of compounds that are hazardous to health and the environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wheat straw and peat for fuel pellets—organic compounds from combustion

Olsson

2006

Biomass and Bioenergy

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“…Therefore, it is important to collect samples immediately after primary combustion in order to investigate dioxin formation. Forma tion of dioxins from PVC upon thermal degradation has been reported ( − ). In the present study, various combination of PVC, polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) were combusted in an incinerator made of firebricks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of PCDDs, PCDFs, and Coplanar PCBs from Polyvinyl Chloride during Combustion in an Incinerator

Katami

Yasuhara

Okuda³

et al. 2002

Environ. Sci. Technol.

110

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Exhaust gases from the combustion of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), and theirvarious mixtureswere analyzed for PCDDs, PCDFs, and coplanar PCBs by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in order to investigate the role of PVC in these chlorinated compounds. Total amounts of dioxins (PCDDs + PCDFs) found in the samples were 11.7 ng/g PE alone, 1.17 ng/g from PS alone, 25.3 ng/g from PET alone, 448 ng/g from PE with PVC, 140 ng/g from PS with PVC, 126 ng/g from PET with PVC, 824 ng/g from PVC alone under low-CO level, and 8,920 ng/g from PVC alone under high-CO level. CO level in high-CO level condition was 880 ppm which was 20 times greater than that in low-CO level condition. Formation of coplanar PCBs ranged from 0.095 ng/g (PE alone) to 77 ng/g (PVC alone under high-CO level). There is a clear correlation between dioxin formation and chloride content. PCDFs composed 80% (PET + PVC)--98% (PET alone) of the total dioxins formed in the exhaust gases. The results indicate that PVC contributes significantly to the formation of PCDDs, PCDFs, and coplanar PCBs from mixtures of plastics upon combustion.

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“…The levels of these compounds have been studied in all kinds of matrices from human tissues to biological and technical samples, such as human fat [12], sewage sludge [13], chemical waste [14] and fly ash [15,16] as well as in ambient air [17]. The analysis of PCDD/PCDF is complicated due to their extremely low levels compared to potentially interfering matrix compounds such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), PCBs and polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans in fly ash

Fytianos

Schröder

1997

Chromatographia

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Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and Dibenzofurans (PCDF) in fly ash samples from coalburning power plants in Greece have been determined by high resolution gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometric detection (HRGC-MS) applying the isotopic dilution technique. Concentrations of PCDFs were 20 to 600 fold higher than for PCDDs. The concentrations of PCDDs and PCDFs were in the range of 11-62 and 1254-7180 pg/g respectively. Fly ashes from coal-burning power plants were found to be potential sources of PCDFs.

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Chlorinated dioxins and dibenzothiophenes in fly ash samples from combustion of peat, wood chips, refuse derived fuel and liquid packaging boards

Cited by 15 publications

References 9 publications

Wheat straw and peat for fuel pellets—organic compounds from combustion

Wheat straw and peat for fuel pellets—organic compounds from combustion

Formation of PCDDs, PCDFs, and Coplanar PCBs from Polyvinyl Chloride during Combustion in an Incinerator

Determination of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans in fly ash

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