Chloride Transport

Abstract

Chloride transport along the nephron is one of the key actions of the kidney that regulates extracellular volume and blood pressure. To maintain steady state, the kidney needs to reabsorb the vast majority of the filtered load of chloride. This is accomplished by the integrated function of sequential chloride transport activities along the nephron. The detailed mechanisms of transport in each segment generate unique patterns of interactions between chloride and numerous other individual components that are transported by the kidney. Consequently, chloride transport is inextricably intertwined with that of sodium, potassium, protons, calcium, and water. These interactions not only allow for exquisitely precise regulation but also determine the particular patterns in which the system can fail in disease states. © 2012 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 2:1061‐1092, 2012.

“I don’t get no respect”: the role of chloride in acute kidney injury

“…The kidney is a major regulator of chloride homeostasis, and tubular reabsorption of chloride is critical for maintaining extracellular fluid volume (57,69,229). Unfortunately, comprehensive tubular physiology will not be discussed in this study and has been reviewed elsewhere (38,44,45,119,137,204).…”

Inhibitory effect of S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine on the basolateral 10-pS Cl- channel in thick ascending limb

“…Cl − is the richest anion in both extracellular and intracellular environments of our body [9]. Therefore, it is not surprise that Cl − transport along the nephron is important in the regulation of extracellular fluid volume as well as blood pressure [10,11]. These results suggest that control of not only Na + absorption but also Cl − absorption is critical for regulation of blood pressure and thus contributes to the development of salt-sensitive hypertension [2,9,10,12].…”

A novel function of calcitonin gene-related peptide in body fluid Cl−homeostasis

“…Chloride (Cl 2 ) has various important roles in vertebrates, including regulating the excitability of nerves and muscles, facilitating transepithelial solute transport, and controlling blood pressure [1,2]. Therefore, the maintenance of extracellular Cl 2 concentration is crucial for many vital functions in vertebrates;…”

“…Chloride (Cl 2 ) has various important roles in vertebrates, including regulating the excitability of nerves and muscles, facilitating transepithelial solute transport, and controlling blood pressure [1,2]. Therefore, the maintenance of extracellular Cl 2 concentration is crucial for many vital functions in vertebrates; such organisms originated in aquatic environments (marine and freshwater (FW)) and thereafter became terrestrial, which necessitated the development of sophisticated mechanisms for body fluid Cl 2 homeostasis during their evolution from aquatic to terrestrial environments with diverse Cl 2 levels.…”

“…In mammals, CGRP is known to be involved in the control of cardiovascular functions through acting as a hypotensive factor on heart and blood vessels [18,19]. Extracellular Na þ /Cl 2 homeostasis is well known to be associated with blood pressure [2,20]; however, there is very limited information on the involvement of CGRP in mammalian iono-or osmoregulation. CGRP was found to activate the function of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (a Cl 2 channel) in human airway epithelia cells, which is associated with epithelial fluid transport [21].…”