Chloride Passivation of ZnO Electrodes Improves Charge Extraction in Colloidal Quantum Dot Photovoltaics

Choi, Jongmin; Kim, Young-Hoon; Jo, Jea Woong; Kim, Junghwan; Sun, Bin; Walters, Grant; Arquer, F. Pelayo Garcı́a de; Quintero-Bermúdez, Rafael; Li, Yiying; Tan, Chih Shan; Quan, Li Na; Kam, Andrew Pak Tao; Hoogland, Sjoerd; Lu, Zheng‐Hong; Voznyy, Oleksandr; Sargent, Edward H.

doi:10.1002/adma.201702350

Cited by 140 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The complete disappearance of N can be attributed to the thermal decomposition of NH 4 Cl and release of NH 3 . The incorporation of Cl is related to the rich oxygen vacancy defects on the ZnO surface . The Cl atoms fill into the surface lattice and form Zn–Cl bonds, which is consistent with the peaks of Cl 2p and the shift of Zn 2p toward high energy direction for the ZnO–Cl layer.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

Surface Chlorination of ZnO for Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Efficiency and Stability

Zhang

Bai

et al. 2019

Solar RRL

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Defect states on the zinc oxide (ZnO) surface cause severe interfacial charge recombination and perovskite decomposition during device operation, which inevitably leads to efficiency loss and poor device stability, making the usage of ZnO in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) problematic. Herein, a simple and effective method of inorganic chlorination treatment is used to passivate the surface defects of the ZnO electron transport layer. It is shown that chlorine (Cl) effectively fills the oxygen vacancy defects of ZnO, suppressing charge recombination and facilitating charge transport at the perovskite/ZnO interface. Therefore, the resulting CH3NH3PbI3‐based device achieves an enhanced power conversion efficiency with suppressed hysteresis. Meanwhile, the chlorination of the ZnO surface protects the perovskite layer from decomposition, thus improving device stability. Herein, an ingenious method is developed to further improve the device performance of ZnO‐based PSCs and useful guidance is provided for the development of other perovskite optoelectronics, especially those with ZnO as the charge transport layer.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

Surface Chlorination of ZnO for Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Efficiency and Stability

Zhang

Bai

et al. 2019

Solar RRL

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“…Introduction Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are emerging as competitive candidates for optoelectronic devices owing to their tunable bandgaps, high absorption coefficients, easy solution processabilities, and superior ambient stabilities . Particularly, lead sulfide (PbS) QDs have been widely applied in photovoltaic field . Great progress has been made in modifying the surface of PbS QDs with ligands (from oleic acid to the halides or chalcogenides), which efficiently optimized the light absorption and carrier transport properties of the PbS QDs film.…”

Section: Average Values and Standard Deviations From The 20 Devices Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Electron and Hole Extractions for Efficient PbS Quantum Dot Solar Cells

et al. 2017

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Exploring ways capable of enhancing photocarrier extraction is crucial in further developing the current PbS quantum dots (QDs) solar cells with a standard architecture of ITO/ZnO/PbS‐TBAI/PbS‐EDT/Au, which are drawing enormous attention due to their high air stabilities and already achieved high power conversion efficiencies. Here, a thin layer of carbon QDs (CQDs) is employed to modify the ZnO film surface to improve photoelectron extraction, and a thin film of PbS QDs treated by a mixed ligand solution of EDT:CuI (PbS‐EDT:CuI) is used to replace the PbS‐EDT film to improve photohole extraction. This designed device (ITO/ZnO/CQDs/PbS‐TBAI/PbS‐EDT:CuI/Au) presents significantly improved PCE of 9.95% compared to 8.60% of the reference device (ITO/ZnO/PbS‐TBAI/PbS‐EDT/Au). In addition, the designed device shows very high air stability.

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“…[4,6,14] To improve interfacial electron transfer, metal oxide based ETLs have been continuously developed through defect density reduction and/or energy level matching. are employed as ETLs, iodide-doped PbS-CQD films as photon absorbing active layers, and thiol-passivated p-type CQD (p-CQD) as HTLs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…are employed as ETLs, iodide-doped PbS-CQD films as photon absorbing active layers, and thiol-passivated p-type CQD (p-CQD) as HTLs. [4,6,14] Despite the superior properties of the p-CQDs, the requirement of an intricate solid-state-ligand-exchange (SSE) step induces high material consumption and hampers high-throughput production. [7,8,[15][16][17] While the engineering of ETLs has been widely studied, few studies on HTL materials have been reported because of the dominant performance of the thiol-passivated p-CQDs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Processability and Efficiency of Colloidal Quantum Dot Solar Cells Based on Organic Hole Transport Layers

Aqoma

Mubarok

Lee

et al. 2018

Advanced Energy Materials

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IntroductionColloidal quantum dot (CQD) based photovoltaic devices (CQDPVs) have emerged as promising next-generation solar cells owing to low-cost solution processibility at low temperature, easy bandgap tunability into the near infrared (NIR, λ > 800 nm) regime, and multiple exciton generation. [1,2] The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of CQDPVs has improved High-efficiency solid-state-ligand-exchange (SSE) step-free colloidal quantum dot photovoltaic (CQDPV) devices are developed by employing CQD ink based active layers and organic (Polythieno[3,4-b]-thiophene-co-benzodithiophene (PTB7) and poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)) based hole transport layers (HTLs). The device using PTB7 as an HTL exhibits superior performance to that using the current leading organic HTL, P3HT, because of favorable energy levels, higher hole mobility, and facilitated interfacial charge transfer. The PTB7 based device achieves power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.60%, which is the highest among reported CQDPVs using organic HTLs. This result is also comparable to the PCE of an optimized device based on a thiol-exchanged p-type CQD, the current-state-of-the-art HTL. From the viewpoint of device processing, the fabrication of CQDPVs is achieved by direct single-coating of CQD active layers and organic HTLs at low temperature without SSE steps. The experimental results and device simulation results in this work suggest that further engineering of organic HTL materials can open new doors to improve the performance and processing of CQDPVs.

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Chloride Passivation of ZnO Electrodes Improves Charge Extraction in Colloidal Quantum Dot Photovoltaics

Cited by 140 publications

References 48 publications

Surface Chlorination of ZnO for Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Efficiency and Stability

Surface Chlorination of ZnO for Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Efficiency and Stability

Enhancing Electron and Hole Extractions for Efficient PbS Quantum Dot Solar Cells

Improved Processability and Efficiency of Colloidal Quantum Dot Solar Cells Based on Organic Hole Transport Layers

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