Chloride leaching in two Ontario soils: Measurement and prediction using HYDRUS-1D

Abstract

<jats:p>Saso, J. K., Parkin, G. W., Drury, C. F., Lauzon, J. D. and Reynolds, W. D. 2012. Chloride leaching in two Ontario soils: Measurement and prediction using HYDRUS-1D. Can. J. Soil Sci. 92: 285–296. Deterministic numerical modelling can often be used to complement and extend field results, and to provide extra insight into the mechanisms of water and solute movement within the profile of agricultural soils. Chloride leaching and near-surface soil water content in a Guelph loam and a Maryhill loam cropped to corn (Zea mays L.) were measured over a 12-mo period (October 2007 to September 2008) and simulated using the HYDRUS-1D numerical model (version 4.12). Field measurements and prediction indicated that over 70% of the applied chloride (Cl) was lost to deep drainage (below 80 cm depth) during the winter months (November 2007 to April 2008) in both soils. Normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) values for HYDRUS-1D estimates of near-surface (0- to 30-cm depth interval) soil water content over the growing season (April to September, 2008) were 28% for Guelph loam and 42% for Maryhill loam. The NRMSE value for estimated versus measured Cl mass remaining in the soil profile (0–80 cm depth interval) over the winter months was 17% for both soils. It was concluded that the HYDRUS-1D model can provide reasonable predictions of near-surface soil water content and profile leaching losses of tracer solutes. Further work is required, however, to determine if the predictive ability of HYDRUS-1D might be improved by incorporating the effects of freeze-thaw cycles on soil hydraulic properties and solute leaching. Further study is also required to establish the model's ability to simulate the leaching behaviour of reactive solutes, such as nitrate, in agricultural soils.</jats:p>

The effect of soil physical amendments on reclamation of a saline-sodic soil: simulation of salt leaching using HYDRUS-1D

“…The soil data was analysed statistically using one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan's test (P<0.05). Five statistical procedures (Appendix F) were used to assess the level of agreement between the predicted and observed data (to validate the model): The root mean square error (RMSE) (Legates and McCabe 1999;Saso et al 2012;Zeng et al 2014), the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient (NSE) (Nash andSutcliffe 1970, Zeng et al 2014), the index of agreement (d) (Willmott 1981), and for the solute transport simulations the mean absolute error (MAE) and relative error (RE). The model is more accurate when the RMSE or MAE is close to zero, or the NSE or d approach one.…”

“…The advective-dispersive chemical transport under transient flow conditions in partially saturated soil (Suarez and Šimůnek 1996;Šimůnek et al 2013) was used in the model. The model's temporal and spatial discretizations were calculated by the Crank-Nicholson Scheme and Galerkin finite element schemes, respectively as described in Saso et al (2012) and Šimůnek et al (2013). The measured Gapon selectivity coefficients describing the partitioning between the solid phase and solution are listed in Tables 2-4.…”

Response of kiwifruit yield and fruit quality to chloride‐containing fertilizers

“…Application of chloride‐containing fertilizers can increase the Cl – concentration in the soil; however, Cl – ions are more mobile in soil solution and easily leached (Saso, Parkin, Drury, Lauzon, & Reynolds, ; Shen et al., ). In the present study, soil Cl – concentrations increased with increasing chlorine levels within 1 yr of application.…”

Flue‐cured tobacco and Cl rates: Implications on yield, quality, and nutrient concentration

“…However, due to the low retention of the chloride ion (Cl − ) by the binding sites present in clays and soil organic matter particles, the buildup of soil Cl over time is nearly impossible (Liu et al., 2021). Field measurements and prediction in two Canadian soils indicated that over 70% of the applied Cl can be lost to deep drainage (below 80‐cm depth) during the winter months, November to April (Saso et al., 2012). Therefore, Cl leaching below from the root uptake zone is very rapid, particularly in sandy soils after high rainfall volumes (Moore et al., 2011).…”