Chloride induced reinforcement corrosion behavior in self-healing concrete with encapsulated polyurethane

Belleghem, Bjorn Van; Keßler, Sylvia; Heede, Philip Van den; Tittelboom, Kim Van; Belie, Nele De

doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2018.07.009

Cited by 94 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In previous research, it was already proven that the proposed healing mechanism works to heal realistic cracks [20,34]. For real construction elements there are basically two ways to provide the capsules with healing agent in the concrete matrix.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, more than 50% of the original strength and stiffness could be regained after self-healing [20]. Autonomous crack healing with encapsulated polyurethane also has a beneficial influence on the resistance against chloride penetration [33,34]. In the work of Van Belleghem et al [34] it was shown that a reduction in total chloride content of more than 70% was possible due to autonomous crack healing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Autonomous crack healing with encapsulated polyurethane also has a beneficial influence on the resistance against chloride penetration [33,34]. In the work of Van Belleghem et al [34] it was shown that a reduction in total chloride content of more than 70% was possible due to autonomous crack healing. However, the experiments conducted until now did not allow for an assessment of the service life extension possible with self-healing concrete in comparison with traditional (cracked) concrete.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantification of the Service Life Extension and Environmental Benefit of Chloride Exposed Self-Healing Concrete

et al. 2016

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Formation of cracks impairs the durability of concrete elements. Corrosion inducing substances, such as chlorides, can enter the matrix through these cracks and cause steel reinforcement corrosion and concrete degradation. Self-repair of concrete cracks is an innovative technique which has been studied extensively during the past decade and which may help to increase the sustainability of concrete. However, the experiments conducted until now did not allow for an assessment of the service life extension possible with self-healing concrete in comparison with traditional (cracked) concrete. In this research, a service life prediction of self-healing concrete was done based on input from chloride diffusion tests. Self-healing of cracks with encapsulated polyurethane precursor formed a partial barrier against immediate ingress of chlorides through the cracks. Application of self-healing concrete was able to reduce the chloride concentration in a cracked zone by 75% or more. As a result, service life of steel reinforced self-healing concrete slabs in marine environments could amount to 60–94 years as opposed to only seven years for ordinary (cracked) concrete. Subsequent life cycle assessment calculations indicated important environmental benefits (56%–75%) for the ten CML-IA (Center of Environmental Science of Leiden University–Impact Assessment) baseline impact indicators which are mainly induced by the achievable service life extension.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantification of the Service Life Extension and Environmental Benefit of Chloride Exposed Self-Healing Concrete

et al. 2016

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“…Subsequently, the corrosion behaviour of reinforced concrete specimens subjected to cyclic exposure with a NaCl solution was studied [2]. Steel reinforced concrete prisms with dimensions of 120 mm x 120 mm x 500 mm were made for corrosion monitoring, based on a design by Kessler et al [29].…”

Section: Corrosion Of Steel Reinforcement In Self-healing Concrete Wimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Capsule breakage resulted in release of the PU precursor inside the crack and 48 h of storage at 20 °C and 60% RH allowed the PU to polymerize. The concrete specimens were then exposed to 44 cycles of consecutively 1 day with 33 g/l NaCl solution in the cracked area (and 1.15 g/l Ca(OH)2 solution further away from the crack), followed by a 6 day dry period, as described in [2]. The macro-cell corrosion current between anode and cathode (Imacro) was measured approximately once every hour with a low resistance ammeter.…”

Section: Corrosion Of Steel Reinforcement In Self-healing Concrete Wimentioning

confidence: 99%

Durability of self-healing concrete

et al. 2019

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Application of self-healing concrete reduces the need for expensive maintenance and repair actions. However, the durability of self-healing concrete has only been scarcely investigated. Here, recent results are presented regarding the resistance of self-healing concrete to chloride ingress. For self-healing concrete with macro-encapsulated polyurethane, chloride profiles and electron probe microanalysis indicated that this mechanism was efficient to reduce the chloride penetration into the crack and from the crack into the concrete matrix [1]. Furthermore, the corrosion behaviour of reinforced concrete specimens subjected to cyclic exposure with a NaCl solution was studied [2]. The electrochemical measurements indicated that autonomous crack healing could significantly reduce the corrosion in the propagation stage. No visual damage could be detected on the rebars after 44 weeks of exposure. On the contrary, cracked specimens without integrated self-healing mechanism, reached a state of active corrosion after 10 weeks of exposure and after 26 weeks clear pitting damage was observed on the rebars. While self-healing by encapsulated polyurethane is complete after one day, bacteria-based products take several weeks to heal a 300 µm crack. Bacterial granules containing denitrifying cultures released nitrite as an intermediate metabolic product which protected the reinforcement during the crack healing process [3].

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Autogenous self‐healing of concrete: Experimental design and test methodsA review

Lahmann

Edvardsen

Keßler

2022

Engineering Reports

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Cracks in concrete structures can serve as pathways for aggressive chemical substances that can lead to a progressive deterioration of the cement stone as well as of the reinforcement, affecting the load capacity, service life and useability of concrete structures. However, concrete and reinforced concrete exhibit an intrinsic ability to heal cracks, defined as autogenous self‐healing. This effect includes the precipitation of calcium carbonate in the presence of water and CO2 and is accompanied by continued hydration, swelling, and mechanical blocking of the crack pathway. Experiments led to the inclusion of crack sealing by autogenous self‐healing in Eurocode 1992–3 for water retaining concrete structures. However, despite code restrictions, autogenous self‐healing of concrete shows limited effectiveness in practice. This indicates the need for further research to provide engineers with reliable design rules. Therefore, this study aims for giving a broad literature review on the state‐of‐the‐art knowledge on autogenous self‐healing, the boundary conditions, consensus, and controversy of processes and factors influencing the efficiency of autogenous self‐healing. Regarding the transferability of laboratory results to real concrete constructions, materials, crack initiation techniques, experimental concepts, and methods for assessing the effectiveness of autogenous self‐healing are discussed and recommendations for future experiments are set.

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Chloride induced reinforcement corrosion behavior in self-healing concrete with encapsulated polyurethane

Cited by 94 publications

References 28 publications

Quantification of the Service Life Extension and Environmental Benefit of Chloride Exposed Self-Healing Concrete

Quantification of the Service Life Extension and Environmental Benefit of Chloride Exposed Self-Healing Concrete

Durability of self-healing concrete

Autogenous self‐healing of concrete: Experimental design and test methodsA review

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