Chloride complexation of element 104

Hulet, E.K.; Lougheed, R. W.; Wild, J. F.; Landrum, J.H.; Nitschke, J. M.; Ghiorso, A.

doi:10.1016/0022-1902(80)80047-9

Cited by 72 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The Automated Ion-exchange separation apparatus coupled with the Detection system for Alpha spec troscopy (AIDA) was developed to perform fast and repetitive ion exchange chromatography of Rf. Kd=ArVs/AsW r, (1) where Ar and AS are the activities in the resin and the solution, respectively. Vs is the volume of the acid solution The structures of Zr, Hf, and Th complexes in the aque ous systems are quite important for discussion of the results of ion-exchange experiments and also of theoretical molecu lar orbital calculations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anion-exchange Behavior of Rf in HCl and HNO3 Solutions

Haba

Tsukada

Asai

et al. 2002

J. Nucl. Radiochem. Sci.

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A short review is given on our current anion-exchange studies of element 104, rutherfordium (Rf), in HCI and HNO3 solutions. The distribution coefficients of the Rf homologues Zr, Hf, and Th(IV), and Pu(IV) on an anion-exchange resin were measured in 1.0-11.5 M HC1 and 1.1-13.1 M HNO3 with a batch method using the radiotracers Zr, Hf, Th, and Pu. In experiments for the short-lived Rf, the isotopes Zr, Hf, and Rf were produced in the O-induced reactions on Ge, Gd, and Cm targets, respectively, and their anion-exchange behavior in 4.0-11.5 M HCI and 8.0 M HNO3 was investigated using the Automated Ion-exchange separation apparatus coupled with the Detection system for Alpha spectroscopy (AIDA). In the HCl system, the percent adsorption of Rf on the anion-exchange resin increases steeply with increasing HCl concentration from 7.0 M to 11.5 M. This adsorption behavior is similar to that of the group-4 elements Zr and Hf, and is quite different from that of the pseudo-homologue Th(IV). The percent adsorption decreases in the order Rf>Zr>Hf.In the HNO3 system, Rf behaves like Zr and Hf in 8.0 M HNO3 but not like Pu(IV) and Th(IV), implying the formation of cationic or neutral species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anion-exchange Behavior of Rf in HCl and HNO3 Solutions

Haba

Tsukada

Asai

et al. 2002

J. Nucl. Radiochem. Sci.

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“…Thus, early experiments exploited the volatility of RfCl 4 in the gas phase [9][10][11][12]. In aqueous solutions, the complexing with α-hydroxyisobutyrate (α-HIB) [13] and the formation of anionic chlorocomplexes [14] confirmed a behavior radically different from that of the heavy actinides. Although these were key experiments demonstrating that a new transition element series, the 6d series, begins with element 104, none of these experiments provided a detailed study of Rf chemistry.…”

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confidence: 99%

Critical evaluation of the chemical properties of the transactinide elements (IUPAC Technical Report)

Kratz¹

2003

Pure and Applied Chemistry

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Names of countries given after Members' names are in accordance with the IUPAC Handbook 1998Handbook -1999. Republication Abstract: In this paper, the chemical properties of the transactinide elements rutherfordium, Rf (element 104); dubnium, Db (element 105); and seaborgium, Sg (element 106) are critically reviewed. The experimental methods for performing rapid chemical separations on a time scale of seconds are reviewed, and comments are given on the special situation with the transactinides for which the chemistry has to be studied with single atoms. There follows a systematic description of theoretical predictions and experimental results on the chemistry of Rf, Db, and Sg-their mutual comparison and evaluation. The literature cited has the cutoff date of March 1999. The more recent chemical identification of bohrium, Bh (element 107), and of hassium, Hs (element 108), should be evaluated in a future Part II of this report.

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“…Already these first experiments showed that element 104 has properties in agreement with its predicted position as the first transactinide and member of group 4 of the PTE [51,52,145,146]. Over about half a century, our knowledge about chemical properties of SHE has advanced significantly.…”

Section: Chemical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Pioneering experiments by Zvara and coworkers with experiments in the gas phase [50,146] and by Silva et al and Hulet et al in acidic, aqueous solutions [51,52] demonstrated that Rf behaves different from trivalent actinides, and -as expected for a member of group 4 of the Periodic Table -similar to its lighter homologs Zr and Hf. Recent studies of Rf have revealed a number of surprises.…”

Section: Rutherfordium (Rf Element 104)mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…First generation experiments with Rf [50][51][52] and element 105, dubnium, Db, [53] rendered enough justification to place Rf into group 4 and Db into group 5 of the PTE. Chemical properties of SHE, or transactinide elements, have been This article briefly deals, in its first part, with nuclear aspects related to the synthesis and nuclear decay of superheavy elements -including a definition of SHE.…”

Section: Introduction and Historical Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemistry of superheavy elements

Schädel

2012

Radiochimica Acta

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Summary. The chemistry of superheavy elements -or transactinides from their position in the Periodic Table -is summarized. After giving an overview over historical developments, nuclear aspects about synthesis of neutron-rich isotopes of these elements, produced in hot-fusion reactions, and their nuclear decay properties are briefly mentioned. Specific requirements to cope with the one-atom-at-a-time situation in automated chemical separations and recent developments in aqueous-phase and gas-phase chemistry are presented. Exciting, current developments, first applications, and future prospects of chemical separations behind physical recoil separators ("pre-separator") are discussed in detail. The status of our current knowledge about the chemistry of rutherfordium (Rf, element 104), dubnium (Db, element 105), seaborgium (Sg, element 106), bohrium (Bh, element 107), hassium (Hs, element 108), copernicium (Cn, element 112), and element 114 is discussed from an experimental point of view. Recent results are emphasized and compared with empirical extrapolations and with fully-relativistic theoretical calculations, especially also under the aspect of the architecture of the Periodic Table.

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Chloride complexation of element 104

Cited by 72 publications

References 7 publications

Anion-exchange Behavior of Rf in HCl and HNO3 Solutions

Anion-exchange Behavior of Rf in HCl and HNO3 Solutions

Critical evaluation of the chemical properties of the transactinide elements (IUPAC Technical Report)

Chemistry of superheavy elements

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