Chlorhexidine in Dentistry: Pharmacology, Uses, and Adverse Effects

Deus, Frank Poppolo; Ouanounou, Aviv

doi:10.1016/j.identj.2022.01.005

Cited by 77 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…This might explain the pH 4 of the Green Tea containing mouthwash [ 49 ]. Similarly, CHX gluconate requires acidic pH solution to prevent its degradation during storage, increasing its life span [ 50 , 51 ]. This might explain the deviation from neutrality, which simulates the normal saliva with pH range of 6.2–7.6 [ 47 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Different Mouthwashes on the Surface Microhardness and Color Stability of Dental Nanohybrid Resin Composite

et al. 2023

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Background: Surface microhardness and color stability of dental restorative material should be sustained throughout its functional lifetime to maintain the esthetic quality of the restoration. However, the frequent application of mouthwash may affect their surface microhardness and color stability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different types of mouthwashes with different contents on surface microhardness and color stability of dental nanohybrid resin-based composite. Methods: Disc specimens of nanohybrid resin composite (Luna Nano-Hybrid Composite) were prepared according to manufacturing instructions; specimens were incubated for 24 h in three types of mouthwash (Chlorohexidine, Listerine Green Tea, and Colgate Optic White Whitening Mouthwash). Artificial saliva was used as a control group. Surface microhardness was evaluated using Vickers microhardness device. Color stability after and before immersion in the different mouthwashes was evaluated using extra-oral spectrophotometer; the values of color change (ΔE00) were subsequently calculated. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc test (p ≤ 0.05). Results: There was no significant difference between microhardness of resin composite immersed in artificial saliva, CHX, and Green Tea mouthwashes (78.5, 78.4, and 73.5, respectively) (p ≥ 0.1), while the bleaching mouthwash led to the lowest microhardness of resin composite, with significant difference compared to the three previous immersion media (p = 0.002). Moreover, there were significant differences in the color changes (ΔE00) of resin composite exposed to the various immersion media (p = 0.0001). Conclusions: The bleaching mouthwash led to a significant reduction in nanohybrid resin composite’s microhardness compared to the chlorohexidine and Green Tea containing mouthwashes. The resin composite’s color change was accepted in bleaching mouthwash but unaccepted in chlorohexidine and Green Tea containing mouthwashes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Different Mouthwashes on the Surface Microhardness and Color Stability of Dental Nanohybrid Resin Composite

et al. 2023

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“…Additionally, it acts as bacteriostatic, bactericidal, fungicidal, fungistatic and some viruskilling properties. 21,22 This treatment resulted in a very significant improvement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Comprehensive Management of Oral Frailty in Multiple Systemic Diseases Geriatric Patient

Hasanah¹,

Setiadhi²

2023

Dentino

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Background Oral frailty is an important geriatric syndrome characterized by decreases in oral function that coincides with declines in cognitive and physical function. Objective: The aim of this case report is to describe the comprehensive management of oral frailty in a medically compromised geriatric patient prior to cardiovascular surgery. Case: A 64-year-old male patient complained of pain in swallowing and sore mouth since two days before. He had multiple systemic diseases, including infective endocarditis, acute kidney injury, type II diabetes mellitus, thrombocytopenia, and electrolyte-fluid imbalance. Extra-oral examination showed lymphadenitis, icteric sclera, and dry-exfoliative lips. Intra-oral examination revealed tongue depapillation, frothy saliva, and dry mucosa with poor oral hygiene. The scraped-off white plaque leaving erythematous area was found on the dorsal and ventral tongue, buccal mucosa, and hard palate. Irregular multiple major ulcers, surrounded by erythema, well-demarcated with yellowish concave base, and covered by thick yellowish-green sputum at the soft palate to the uvula. The diagnosis was exfoliative cheilitis, aphthous-like ulcer, acute pseudomembranous candidiasis, and moderate xerostomia. A D-E-N-T-A-L questionnaire was used to evaluate oral frailty, and the cumulative result was seven. Case Management: The patient was treated with 100% petroleum jelly, 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate mouthwash, and chlorine dioxide-zinc mouthwash three times a day. The oral lesions showed significant improvement after one week of treatment. Conclusion: Appropriate therapy for oral lesions and eliminating the infection could be considered to minimize the long-term effect of oral frailty. The comprehensive management of oral frailty could be beneficial for improving the quality of life. Keywords: Geriatric, Oral frailty, Oral lesion, Systemic disease

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“…The antibacterial effect produced by Chlorhexidine 0.2% as a positive control is higher because Chlorhexidine is the gold standard that has been widely used in dentistry in killing gram positive or negative bacteria. 23 Chlorhexidine has a positive charge that can be strongly attracted to the bacterial cell wall, which then causes a leak in the cell membrane resulting in a change in the integrity of the bacterial cell membrane and can chemically damage the cytoplasm. 24 In accordance with research conducted by Norkholisoh (2018) stated that the ethanol extract of tamarind leaf contained active compounds of saponins, tannins, flavonoids, and alkaloids, but in the results of the phytochemical screening test on the ethanol extract samples of tamarind leaf used for this study, the samples contained active compounds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EFFECTIVENESS OF TAMARIND LEAF (Tamarindus indica L.) ETHANOL EXTRACT ANTIBACTERIAL AGAINST Porphyromonas gingivalis

Baiin¹,

Mandalas²,

Sugiaman³

2023

Dentino

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Background: One of the initial measures to prevent chronic periodontitis is the use of mouthwash. Chlorhexidine is an antibacterial agent that can be used as a mouthwash. Chlorhexidine has side effects so that a new method is needed to prevent periodontitis with fewer side effects, namely by using plants as a medicine, one of the plants containing active compounds with antibacterial effects. The ethanol extract of tamarind leaf is proven to contain active compounds of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, and saponins. Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the antibacterial effect of ethanol extract of tamarind leaf (Tamarindus indica L.) leaf against Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria. Material and methods: The research is an experimental laboratory type using the disc diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer), namely the paper disc diffusion method with the test material of ethanol extract of tamarind leaf (Tamarindus indica L.) in various concentrations, namely: 3.125%, 6.25%, 12.5 %, 25%, 50%, and 100%. Results: Based on the results of the research on the antibacterial effect of the ethanolic extract of tamarind leaf with concentrations of 3.125%, 6.25%, and 12.5% with an average diameter of 0.00 mm of inhibition zone. At concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 100%, they fall into the medium criteria group, because they have an average inhibition zone diameter of 5.21 mm, 7.45, and 9.16 mm, so that the concentration of 100% is closest to the average the mean diameter of the positive control group or chlorhexidine. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the ethanol extract of tamarind leaf (Tamarindus indica L.) has an antibacterial effect that can inhibit the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria at a concentration of 100% with an average inhibition zone diameter of 9.16 mm. Keywords: Antibacterial, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tamarind leaf

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Chlorhexidine in Dentistry: Pharmacology, Uses, and Adverse Effects

Cited by 77 publications

References 56 publications

Effect of Different Mouthwashes on the Surface Microhardness and Color Stability of Dental Nanohybrid Resin Composite

Effect of Different Mouthwashes on the Surface Microhardness and Color Stability of Dental Nanohybrid Resin Composite

Comprehensive Management of Oral Frailty in Multiple Systemic Diseases Geriatric Patient

EFFECTIVENESS OF TAMARIND LEAF (Tamarindus indica L.) ETHANOL EXTRACT ANTIBACTERIAL AGAINST Porphyromonas gingivalis

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