Chlorhexidine bathing to prevent healthcare-associated vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus infections: A cluster quasi-experimental controlled study at intensive care units

Chlorhexidine Gluconate for Skin Preparation During Catheter Insertion and Surgical Procedures

“…The study by Tien et al was a prospective, cluster, quasi-experimental controlled before-and-after study. 14 The study by Kengen et al was a retrospective, single-centre, sequential period, interrupted time series design in which the outcomes were measured monthly over an 11-month control period and then again during an 11-month intervention period. 12 Garrido-Benedicto et al (2017) and Ruiz et al (2017) both conducted prospective, single-centre before-and-after studies.…”

“…These comprised 2 SRs, 8,9 1 randomized controlled trial (RCT), 10 and 4 non-randomized studies. [11][12][13][14] Appendix 1 presents the PRISMA 15 flow chart of the study selection.…”

“…Two SRs, 8,9 1 RCT, 10 and 4 non-randomized studies [11][12][13][14] were identified and included in this report. Additional details regarding the characteristics of included publications are provided in Appendix 2.…”

“…One of the included SRs was conducted by a research group in the US 9 and the other was conducted by a research group in China. 8 Among the primary clinical studies included, 2 were conducted in Spain 11,13 and the remaining 3 were conducted in Taiwan, 14 Australia, 12 and the US. 10…”

“…10 As previously mentioned, Kapadia et al recruited patients pre-surgery; 10 the remaining 6 studies focused on adult patients admitted to critical care settings. The study settings for these publications included medical and/or surgical ICUs, 8,9,[11][12][13] general ICUs, 14 coronary care units, 9,14 cardiac ICUs, 9,14 stroke units, 14 emergency care units, 14 trauma ICUs, 8,9 and bone marrow transplant units. 9…”