Chlorella vulgaris production enhancement with supplementation of synthetic medium in dairy manure wastewater

Abstract

To identify innovative ways for better utilizing flushed dairy manure wastewater, we have assessed the effect of dairy manure and supplementation with synthetic medium on the growth of Chlorella vulgaris. A series of experiments were carried out to study the impacts of pretreatment of dairy wastewater and the benefits of supplementing dairy manure wastewater with synthetic medium on C. vulgaris growth increment and the ultrastructure (chloroplast, starch, lipid, and cell wall) of C. vulgaris cells. Results showed that the biomass production of C. vulgaris in dairy wastewater can be enhanced by pretreatment and using supplementation with synthetic media. A recipe combining pretreated dairy wastewater (40 %) and synthetic medium (60 %) exhibited an improved growth of C. vulgaris. The effects of dairy wastewater on the ultrastructure of C. vulgaris cells were distinct compared to that of cells grown in synthetic medium. The C. vulgaris growth in both synthetic medium and manure wastewater without supplementing synthetic medium was lower than the growth in dairy manure supplemented with synthetic medium. We anticipate that the results of this study will help in deriving an enhanced method of coupling nutrient-rich dairy manure wastewater for biofuel production.

Assessing Nutrient Removal Kinetics in Flushed Manure Using Chlorella vulgaris Biomass Production

“…The modified version of Eq. 4 was proposed for R si estimation (Shi et al, 2016) $R_{\text{si}}=\frac{k{X}_i{S}_i}{K_m+S_i}$ where k is the reaction rate constant (day −1 ), X i is the initial biomass concentration for algae. The specific substrate removal ( R sr ) rate was calculated as: $R_{\text{sr}}=\frac{R_{\text{si}}}{X_i}=\frac{k{S}_i}{K_m+S_i}.$…”

“…In addition to municipal waste (or industrial organic waste streams), animal waste streams generated in livestock industry could be a potential source for algal biomass production (Mulbry and Wilkie, 2001; Mulbry et al, 2008; Abreu et al, 2012; Kothari et al, 2012; Shi et al, 2016). However, additional studies are needed in order to prove the uses of manure for algal biomass production as a feasible alternative.…”

“…This study is built on a previous study (Shi et al, 2016), which explored the use of flushed manure to evaluate the growth of C. vulgaris . To extend the previous study, here we have evaluated the nutrient recovery kinetics as a result of biomass production.…”

Opportunities and Challenges of Microalgal Cultivation on Wastewater, with Special Focus on Palm Oil Mill Effluent and the Production of High Value Compounds

“…Nur et al [106] et al [107] and Cho et al [25] used a filtration method to remove contaminants from wastewater which resulted in the increase of lipid productivity in Chlorella sp.. Autoclaving was applied by Shi et al [136] and Li et al [80]; this resulted in an increase in microalgal biomass yield and productivity. In contrast, Wang et al [155] obtained a lower microalgal biomass when the wastewater was pretreated using autoclaving.…”

“…Following this procedure, marine microalgae were found to accumulate high lipid levels when cultivated on the treated POME. Other pretreatment processes include electrolysis [156], 155], centrifugation [136,155] and sparging with air [23].…”