Chlordimeform: Plant protection by a sublethal, noncholinergic action on the central nervous system

Lund, Albert E.; Hollingworth, Robert M.; Shankland, D. L.

doi:10.1016/0048-3575(79)90052-x

Cited by 44 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Giant axons in the cockroach, which are part of a system that mediates the escape response when the cereal nerves are stimulated, produced short bursts of action potentials following chlordimeform treatment when the synapses of the cercal nerves to the giant axons were not induded in the preparation (57). In a similar preparation from the tobacco hornworm, M. sexta, no evidence was found for an axonal effect other than a decrease in the amplitude of action potentials, similar to that caused by anesthetic, at high concentrations of chlordimeform (57). At lower concentrations a noncholinergic action at the level of the synapse was clearly indicated.…”

Section: Formamidinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sublethal Effects of Neurotoxic Insecticides on Insect Behavior

Haynes

1988

Annu. Rev. Entomol.

443

271

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PERSPECTIVES AND OVERVIEWThe behavior of insects, and all animals, is governed by interactions among neurons within their nervous systems. Insecticides have been selected and sometimes designed for their remarkable ability to kill insects. Most attack specific sites within the insect's nervous system (59, 63; see section on modes and sites of action). Therefore it is not surprising that insecticides at levels that do not lead to mortality can influence behavior. However, there have been few detailed studies concerning the potential behavioral effects of sublethal doses of insecticides.Studies of the behavioral effects of neurotoxic ants are important for several reasons (89). First, detailed observations of the behavioral symptoms of poisoned insects will help to elucidate the modes of action of both novel and conventional insecticides. Second, it is clear that almost all insecticides interfere with the normally well-orchestrated behavioral patterns of pest insects and thus might contribute to management of their populations. An important related point is that beneficial insects may be adversely affected by these compounds in a way that is overlooked by current screening procedures.Lastly, selection may favor those insects that respond to insecticides in the environment by minimizing their contact with the toxic material; thus the potential for evolution of behavioral resistance to insecticides is another important consideration.Insecticides are the cornerstones upon which pest management practices are based, and are likely to remain so as long as effective and inexpensive chemicals are available. However, many insect-pest management techniques

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Section: Formamidinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sublethal Effects of Neurotoxic Insecticides on Insect Behavior

Haynes

1988

Annu. Rev. Entomol.

443

271

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“…Beeman and Matsumura [4] previously reported that CDM causes intense anorexia in the American cockroach at doses as low as 1-5 μg/ insect. In agreement with the above conclusion, Lund et al [5] found that decreasing plant consumption by tobacco hornworm larvae is afforded by a nonlethal mechanism that was to be the result of motor stimulation through its actions on central non-cholinergic systems. In contrast, Beeman and Matsumura [4] found that the phenomenon of anorexia in the American cockroach is accompanied by an increase in hemolymph glucose levels, but not trehalose levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 50%

“…Such an observation suggests that CDM deterred the Drosophila larval development. Our hypothesis on the cause for the developmental delay is the reduction of food consumption by the affected Drosophila larvae due to suppression of their appetite as in the case of CDM treated M. sexta [5]. The effects of CDM, at several concentrations in water, on the larval development of Ae.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this purpose, we focused our attention to the developmental changes that are indicative of the effects of formamidines in reducing food intake. For this reason, we chose larval development of Drosophila, since they could be reared on nutritional media similar to that used in assessing the effect of CDM on larvae of Manduca sexta [5,6]. Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our observation that exposure to formamidine suppresses insect feeding is supported by a large body of evidence. For instance, Lund et al [5] found that CDM causes significant anorexia in M. sexta larvae through its action on the central nervous system, which was supported by the work of Hitoshi and Fukami [16] on other lepidopteran species. In the case of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana, it is clear that increased hemolymph glucose levels are involved, since the neurotoxic symptoms in this species develop only at CDM doses approximately 1000-fold higher.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Unique biochemical and molecular biological mechanism of synergistic actions of formamidine compounds on selected pyrethroid and neonicotinoid insecticides on the fourth instar larvae of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)

Ahmed

Vogel

Matsumura

2015

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

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A novel oxadiazine insecticide is bioactivated in lepidopteran larvae

Wing

Schnee

Sacher

et al. 1998

Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol.

154

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DPX‐JW062 is a new insecticide showing strong field activity, especially on Lepidoptera. Metabolism studies in several lepidopteran larvae show that orally administered [14C]DPX‐JW062 is rapidly cleaved to a decarbomethoxyllated metabolite (DCJW), based upon HPLC and mass spectrometry identification. The metabolic conversion is correlated with appearance of neurotoxic symptoms. Tissue localization studies with fifth instar Manduca sexta larvae have shown that the fat body and especially midgut are the most active tissues in catalyzing the conversion. The enzyme(s) appears to be localized in many subcellular fractions and can be inhibited by the esterase inhibitors DFP, paraoxon, and DEF but not by the cytochrome p450–dependent monooxygenase inhibitors piperonyl butoxide and 1‐phenyl imidazole, or the glutathione S‐transferase inhibitor N‐ethyl maleimide. The enzyme thus appears to have properties like an esterase/amidase. DCJW is a highly potent blocker of sodium channels in a Manduca sexta larval motor nerve preparation in vitro. The block of compound action potentials in this preparation is voltage‐dependent, which is similar to the local anesthetic‐like action previously ascribed to dihydropyrazole insecticides. In contrast, DPX‐JW062 is weakly active in these blocking actions. We also observe a diminution of spontaneous CNS action potentials which is correlated with neurotoxic symptoms in DPX‐JW062–treated larvae. This mode of action is entirely distinct from pyrethroids, which cause prolonged membrane depolarization leading to repetitive nerve firing. In summary, DPX‐JW062 appears to be rapidly bioactivated by target insects to the potent insecticidally active sodium channel blocker, the S‐enantiomer of its decarbomethoxyllated metabolite. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 37:91–103, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Chlordimeform: Plant protection by a sublethal, noncholinergic action on the central nervous system

Cited by 44 publications

References 22 publications

Sublethal Effects of Neurotoxic Insecticides on Insect Behavior

Sublethal Effects of Neurotoxic Insecticides on Insect Behavior

Unique biochemical and molecular biological mechanism of synergistic actions of formamidine compounds on selected pyrethroid and neonicotinoid insecticides on the fourth instar larvae of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)

A novel oxadiazine insecticide is bioactivated in lepidopteran larvae

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