Chloracne Following Environmental Contamination by TCDD in Seveso, Italy

Caramaschi, Fausta; Corno, Giuseppe Del; Favaretti, Carlo; Giambelluca, Sonia; Montesarchio, E.; Fara, Gaetano Maria

doi:10.1093/ije/10.2.135

Cited by 82 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…By mid-1978, six additional cases were detected, bringing the total number to 193. No further cases of chloracne were reported after this time 2) . The higher frequency of chloracne in children than in adults is possibly explained by the fact that the former had more opportunities to came in contact with the toxic cloud components and to ingest or inhale them through outdoor activities, contact with soil, vegetation, dirt outside their homes, etc.…”

Section: Early Health Findingsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Short- and Long-Term Morbidity and Mortality in the Population Exposed to Dioxin after the "Seveso Accident".

et al. 2003

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The early effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin (TCDD) exposure in the population involved in the Seveso, Italy, incident in 1976, have been examined in numerous studies. Chloracne was the only effect linked with sufficient certainty to dioxin exposure. The possible longterm consequences were investigated with mortality and cancer incidence studies. Mortality and morbidity findings during the 20-year period following the accident showed increased risk from lymphoemopoietic neoplasm, digestive system cancer (rectum in males, and biliary tract among females, in particular) and respiratory system cancer (lung, among males). In the incidence analyses, also thyroid gland and pleura cancer appeared suggestively increased. Soft tissue sarcomas showed an increase in the largest, yet least exposed, exposure sub-cohort. Several hypotheses associating non-cancer effects with dioxin exposure were corroborated by findings in the Seveso population: this was the case with cardiovascular effects (possibly linked to both chemical exposure and stressful disaster experience), endocrine effects (diabetes among females) and reproductive effects: exposure of men to TCDD was linked to a lowered male/female sex ratio in their offspring. The results of many Seveso studies point to possible gender effects, in accordance with animal models. Notwithstanding the acknowledged study limitations (lack of individual exposure markers, short latency, and small population size for certain cancer types), results of previous experimental and epidemiological studies, along with mechanistic knowledge on dioxin toxicity, support the hypotheses that the observed excesses might be associated with dioxin exposure. The mortality and cancer incidence follow-up of the Seveso cohort are continuing.

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Section: Early Health Findingsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Short- and Long-Term Morbidity and Mortality in the Population Exposed to Dioxin after the "Seveso Accident".

et al. 2003

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“…Debris from this cloud fell south -southeast of the plant on an area of about 2.8 km 2 , which included parts of the towns of Seveso, Meda, Cesano, Moderno, and Desio ( Needham et al, 1998 ). Primarily on the basis of animal and vegetation mortality and TCDD measurements in soil and grass, the contaminated area was divided into three zones, designated A, B, and R. Zone A was closest to the plant and selected individuals from these zones, denoted the ''Seveso'' cohort, and from the surrounding area, zone non-ABR, have been studied for health effects ( Caramaschi et al, 1981;Bruzzi, 1983;Mocarelli et al, 1986;Mocarelli et al, 2000;Assennato et al, 1989;Pesatori et al, 1993;Bertazzi, 1991;Bertazzi et al, 1999 ), serum TCDD concentrations (Facchetti et al, 1981;Mocarelli et al, 1991 ), TCDD pharmacokinetics (Needham et al, 1994(Needham et al, /1998, and mortality (Bertazzi et al, 2001 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in Seveso adults and veterans of operation Ranch Hand

Michalek¹,

Pirkle

Needham

et al. 2002

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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A combined analysis of 2,3,7,8 -tetrachlorodibenzo -p -dioxin ( TCDD ) elimination in Seveso adults and Ranch Hand veterans found a period of fast elimination within the first 0.27 years after exposure in Seveso, followed by a period of slower elimination between 3 and 16.35 years from exposure. The mean TCDD elimination rate within the first 0.27 years after exposure among six adult males in the Seveso cohort was 2.0646 year À 1 ( half -life = 0.34 years ). The mean rate from 3 to 16.35 years was 0.1011 year À 1 ( half -life = 6.9 years ). The mean Ranch Hand elimination rate, 00924 year À 1 ( half -life = 6.9 years ), measured between 9 and 33 years after exposure, was significantly less than the Seveso mean in the first 0.27 years after exposure, but not significantly different from the Seveso mean between 3 and 16.35 years after exposure. The fast elimination within the first 0.27 years followed by a slower rate after 3 years is consistent with the expected pattern in a two -compartment open model, with a distribution phase of rapid elimination followed by a slower elimination phase.

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“…In the immediate aftermath, typical effects of exposure to polychlorinated hydrocarbons such as chloracne were observed mainly in children [74], an excess risk of lymphatic and hematopoietic tissue neoplasms in the most exposed zones was reported [73].…”

Section: Effects Of Environmental Estrogens On the Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%