Chlamydial Zoonoses

Rohde, Gernot; Straube, Eberhard; Essig, Andreas; Reinhold, Petra; Sachse, Konrad

doi:10.3238/arztebl.2010.0174

Cited by 55 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…he animal pathogens Chlamydia psittaci and Chlamydia abortus both possess a significant and well-documented zoonotic potential (3,42,53). At the same time, there are marked differences in host specificity, virulence, tissue tropism, and clinical manifestations of these obligate intracellular bacteria (25).…”

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Distinct Intensity of Host-Pathogen Interactions in Chlamydia psittaci- and Chlamydia abortus-Infected Chicken Embryos

et al. 2012

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ABSTRACTFactors and mechanisms determining the differences in virulence and host specificity between the zoonotic agentsChlamydia psittaciandChlamydia abortusare still largely unknown. In the present study, two strains were compared for their invasiveness, virulence, and capability of eliciting an immune response in chicken embryos. On breeding day 10, embryonated chicken eggs were inoculated with 5 × 104inclusion-forming units. As shown by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time PCR,C. psittacidisplayed a significantly better capability of disseminating in the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and internal organs thanC. abortus. The higher infectious potential ofC. psittaciin birds was underlined by significantly higher mRNA expression rates of essential chlamydial genes, such asincA,groEL(in CAM, liver, and spleen),cpaf, andftsW(in CAM). Although the immune responses to both pathogens were similar,C. psittacielicited higher macrophage numbers and a stronger expression of a subset of immune-related proteins. The data imply that invasiveness ofChlamydiaspp. and propagation in the host are not solely dependent on the level of host immune response but, even to a greater extent, on the expression of bacterial factors related to virulence. The fact thatC. psittacihas coped far better thanC. abortuswith the avian embryo's response by upregulating essential genes may be a key to understanding the mechanisms underlying host adaptation and etiopathology.

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Distinct Intensity of Host-Pathogen Interactions in Chlamydia psittaci- and Chlamydia abortus-Infected Chicken Embryos

et al. 2012

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“…Chlamydia pneumoniae is known to be involved in community-acquired pneumonia, pharyngitis, bronchitis, and sinusitis. In addition, the avian pathogen Chlamydia psittaci has well-documented zoonotic potential, causing human psittacosis (ornithosis), which may present as a generalized and life-threatening pneumonia (2).…”

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Analysis of Humoral Immune Responses to Surface and Virulence-Associated Chlamydiaabortus Proteins in Ovine and Human Abortions by Use of a Newly Developed Line Immunoassay

et al. 2016

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fThe obligate intracellular bacterium Chlamydia abortus is the causative agent of enzootic abortion of ewes and poses a significant zoonotic risk for pregnant women. Using proteomic analysis and gene expression library screening in a previous project, we identified potential virulence factors and candidates for serodiagnosis, of which nine were scrutinized here with a strip immunoassay. We have shown that aborting sheep exhibited a strong antibody response to surface (MOMP, MIP, Pmp13G) and virulence-associated (CPAF, TARP, SINC) antigens. While the latter disappeared within 18 weeks following abortion in a majority of the animals, antibodies to surface proteins persisted beyond the duration of the study. In contrast, nonaborting experimentally infected sheep developed mainly antibodies to surface antigens (MOMP, MIP, Pmp13G), all of which did not persist. We were also able to detect antibodies to these surface antigens in C. abortus-infected women who had undergone septic abortion, whereas a group of shepherds and veterinarians with occupational exposure to C. abortus-infected sheep revealed only sporadic immune responses to the antigens selected. The most specific antigen for the serodiagnosis of human C. abortus infections was Pmp13G, which showed no cross-reactivity with other chlamydiae infecting humans. We suggest that Pmp13G-based serodiagnosis accomplished by the detection of antibodies to virulence-associated antigens such as CPAF, TARP, and SINC may improve the laboratory diagnosis of human and animal C. abortus infections. Chlamydia abortus is an obligate intracellularly replicating zoonotic bacterium that shares a characteristic biphasic developmental cycle with all other members of the family Chlamydiaceae (1). Among chlamydiae affecting humans, Chlamydia trachomatis is the most clinically and epidemiologically relevant as a cause of oculogenital infections, including nongonococcal urethritis and cervicitis, lymphogranuloma venereum, and trachoma. Chlamydia pneumoniae is known to be involved in community-acquired pneumonia, pharyngitis, bronchitis, and sinusitis. In addition, the avian pathogen Chlamydia psittaci has well-documented zoonotic potential, causing human psittacosis (ornithosis), which may present as a generalized and life-threatening pneumonia (2).C. abortus typically occurs in ruminants such as sheep and goats and is the leading cause of enzootic abortion of ewes (EAE) worldwide (3). Even in the absence of elevated abortion rates, the agent was shown to be widespread in German sheep flocks, with 50% of flocks testing PCR positive and 94% harboring seropositive animals (4). Afterbirths and fetuses of abortion cases can contain heavy loads of the pathogen and represent the major source of transmission to susceptible humans and naive ewes, as well as environmental contamination (3). Inhalation of infective aerosols by pregnant women poses the risk of severe infection, including spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, and septicemia (3, 5, 6). However, very little is known about the clinical rel...

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“…The role and importance of animals as a reservoir of zoonotic pathogens is being increasingly recognized (Sprague et al 2009;Rohde et al 2010). As companion animals, pet dogs have great emotional value because of the loving friendship between them and their owners.…”

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Prevalence of antibodies to Chlamydiaceae in pet dogs in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China

et al. 2015

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The prevalence of chlamydiosis in pet dogs was surveyed in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China. A total of 442 serum samples were collected from three districts of Shenzhen, namely the Futian, Nanshan, and Luohu Districts, and assayed for Chlamydiaceae antibodies by indirect haemagglutination assay. The results showed that the mean positive rate was 6.11%, and the positive rate for the Futian District was the highest (9.52%), followed by the Nanshan District (7.08%), and the Luohu District (4.02%). The positive rate for male dogs was 6.08%, and for female dogs 6.16%. Out of all the 38 breeds of dogs examined, 14 breeds were positive. The positive rate for the Cocker Spaniel dog was the highest (14.2%), followed by the Pekinese dog

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Chlamydial Zoonoses

Abstract: There is a considerable need for research on chlamydial infections, especially with regard to the diagnosis and treatment of persistent varieties.

Cited by 55 publications

References 41 publications

Distinct Intensity of Host-Pathogen Interactions in Chlamydia psittaci- and Chlamydia abortus-Infected Chicken Embryos

Distinct Intensity of Host-Pathogen Interactions in Chlamydia psittaci- and Chlamydia abortus-Infected Chicken Embryos

Analysis of Humoral Immune Responses to Surface and Virulence-Associated Chlamydiaabortus Proteins in Ovine and Human Abortions by Use of a Newly Developed Line Immunoassay

Prevalence of antibodies to Chlamydiaceae in pet dogs in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China

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