Chlamydial Salpingitis in Female Guinea Pigs Receiving Oral Contraceptives

Barron, Almen L.; Pasley, James N.; Rank, Roger G.; White, Harold J.; Mrak, Robert E.

doi:10.1097/00007435-198807000-00013

Cited by 26 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The apparent protective effects of progesterone against ascending infections have been explained by the luteal-type cervical mucus as well as by the inactive endometrium induced by this hormone. In support of these findings, Barron et al [20] reported that guinea-pigs infected with C. psittaci GPIC and treated with oestrogendominant oral contraceptives had more cases of hydrosalpinx than the controls, while Pasley et al [21] found no effect of progesterone on the pathogenesis of the infection. However, Tuffrey et al [7] have shown that the human serovars of C. trachomatis can induce a more severe genital infection in mice pretreated with progesterone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Factors influencing the induction of infertility in a mouse model of Chlamydia trachomatis ascending genital tract infection

Pal

Wu²,

Peterson³

et al. 1998

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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In women, infections due to Chlamydia trachomatis frequently result in long-term sequelae including chronic abdominal pain, ectopic pregnancy and infertility. In an attempt to characterise the pathogenesis of the infection, female C3H (H-2k) mice were inoculated intravaginally with different doses of C. trachomatis and then mated with proven male breeder mice. The inoculated mice developed a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from infertility to asymptomatic shedding. The dose inducing infertility in 50% of the mice was c. lo5 inclusion-forming units of C. trachomatis. In another group of mice sampled at intervals after intravaginal inoculation, C. trachomatis was recovered from the upper genital tract starting at 24 h after infection. A higher percentage of animals infected during the luteal phase of the oestrous cycle had positive cultures from the middle and upper genital tract than when mice were inoculated during the follicular phase. These results indicate that rapid therapeutic intervention is required to avoid the sequelae resulting from C. trachomatis genital infection, and suggest that hormonal factors play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Factors influencing the induction of infertility in a mouse model of Chlamydia trachomatis ascending genital tract infection

Pal

Wu²,

Peterson³

et al. 1998

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…Others have shown that in the absence of progesterone pretreatment, establishment of infection is dependent on stage of the estrous cycle or requires high infectious doses (4). Guinea pigs do not require progesterone and are easily infected with C. psittaci, but develop heavier infection following estradiol treatment (2,15). In human studies, an association has been observed between onset of chlamydial infection and stage of menstrual cycle (24).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Estradiol and Progesterone on Susceptibility and Early Immune Responses toChlamydia trachomatisInfection in the Female Reproductive Tract

Kaushic¹,

Zhang

Murdin³

et al. 2000

Infect Immun

135

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We have used a previously described rodent model to examine the influence of hormonal environment on susceptibility and immune responses to genital Chlamydia infection. Ovariectomized rats were administered estradiol, progesterone, or a combination of both, infected with Chlamydia trachomatis via the intrauterine route, and sacrificed 5 days later. Histopathological examination showed severe inflammation in the uteri and vaginae of progesterone-treated animals, whereas animals receiving estradiol or a combination of both hormones showed no inflammation. Large numbers of chlamydiae were found in vaginal secretions of progesterone-treated and combination-treated animals, while estradiol-treated animals had none. Tissue localization showed that numerous chlamydial inclusions were present in the uterine epithelium of the progesterone group and the cervicovaginal epithelium of the combination group. Examination of the acute immune responses of the infected animals showed that maximum activation was present in the draining lymph node cells from the progesterone-treated group, and these cells were producing large amounts of interleukin-10 and gamma interferon compared to other hormone-treated groups. In contrast, spleen cell proliferation was suppressed in progesterone-treated animals compared to other hormone-treated groups. We conclude that progesterone increases and estradiol decreases susceptibility to intrauterine chlamydial infection in this rat model. Our data demonstrate that hormone environment, at the time of infection, has a profound effect on the outcome of microbial infection in the female reproductive tract.

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“…94 Similarly, treatment of guinea pigs with oestrogen dominant oral contraceptives increased the incidence of hydrosalpinx formation compared with control animals. 95 Progesterone was found to have no eVect on the course of the infection. 94 More recently, Rank et al reported that the degree of upper genital tract damage (chronic inflammation and fibrosis in the mesosalpinx) produced by the intravaginal inoculation of GPIC was significantly related to the time in the oestrous cycle when the organisms were inoculated.…”

Section: Chlamydial Infectionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Influence of ovarian hormones on urogenital infection

Sonnex

1998

Sexually Transmitted Infections

104

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Influence of ovarian hormones on urogenital infection C SonnexNumerous studies have examined the influence of hormones on infectious diseases and there is now a wealth of data relating to the more specific eVect of the sex hormones, oestrogen and progesterone, on urogenital infections. The interaction between these hormones and the immune system is complex and the variation of hormonal eVect between species further complicates the true picture as related to humans. Although it is diYcult therefore to draw general conclusions regarding predominant eVects of specific hormones, there is the suggestion that oestrogen enhances the pathogenicity of many urogenital micro-organisms. Our understanding of the influential role played by sex hormones in disease pathogenesis is at an early stage and illustrates well the importance of drawing together and interpreting as a whole both epidemiological and molecular studies. (Sex Transm Inf 1998;74:11-19)

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Chlamydial Salpingitis in Female Guinea Pigs Receiving Oral Contraceptives

Cited by 26 publications

References 15 publications

Factors influencing the induction of infertility in a mouse model of Chlamydia trachomatis ascending genital tract infection

Factors influencing the induction of infertility in a mouse model of Chlamydia trachomatis ascending genital tract infection

Effects of Estradiol and Progesterone on Susceptibility and Early Immune Responses toChlamydia trachomatisInfection in the Female Reproductive Tract

Influence of ovarian hormones on urogenital infection

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