“…Microbiological cultures were performed in accordance with the methods described by Motrich et al (17). DNA extraction and purifi cation of all biological materials was performed using the DNeasy® Tissue Kit by QIAGEN Spa, Italy.…”
Section: Laboratory Procedures and Microbiological Considerationsmentioning
“…Microbiological cultures were performed in accordance with the methods described by Motrich et al (17). DNA extraction and purifi cation of all biological materials was performed using the DNeasy® Tissue Kit by QIAGEN Spa, Italy.…”
Section: Laboratory Procedures and Microbiological Considerationsmentioning
“…All subjects included in the study underwent urinary culture for common bacteria, yeasts and urogenital mycoplasma. Microbiological culture was carried out in accordance with the methods described by Motrich et al [25]. DNA extraction and purification from urine was performed using a DNeasy1 Tissue Kit (QIAGEN S.p.A, Milan, Italy), as described in a previous study [26].…”
Section: Sample Collection and Laboratory Proceduresmentioning
“…Among the more serious consequences of Chlamydia infections in males are urethritis and epididymitis that can very rarely result in abscess formation and infarction of the testicle (29,46). Chronic prostatitis, another syndrome that has been related to male infertility, has also been associated with Chlamydia infections (10,25,47). Ascending Chlamydia infections have been thought to be an infective cause of prostatitis.…”
Although Chlamydia infections are widespread throughout the world, data about immunopathogenesis of genitourinary tract infections in males are very limited. In the present work we present an in vitro model of male genital tract-derived epithelial cells, more precisely prostate epithelial cells (PEC), to analyze if they are susceptible and able to respond to Chlamydia muridarum infection. Our results demonstrate that rat PEC are susceptible to C. muridarum infection and respond to this pathogen by up-regulating different proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine genes that could participate in the recruitment and local activation of immune cells, therefore influencing innate and adaptive immune responses during Chlamydia infection. Moreover, we analyzed the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), TLR2, and related molecules on PEC and the effect of C. muridarum infection on their expression. Our results demonstrate that PEC express significant levels of TLR4, CD14, TLR2, and the adaptor molecule MyD88 and up-regulate these proteins in response to C. muridarum infection. Indeed, TLR4, CD14, TLR2, and the adaptor MyD88 are specifically recruited to the vicinity of the bacterial inclusion, suggesting that these TLRs are actively engaged in signaling from this intracellular location in these cells. This is, to our knowledge, the first time that an in vitro model of infection with Chlamydia of male tract-derived epithelial cells has been achieved, and it provides the opportunity to determine how these cells respond and participate in modulating innate and adaptive immune response during Chlamydia infections.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.