Chlamydia trachomatis Infection In Women Attending Urban Midwestern Family Planning and Community Health Clinics

Addiss, David G.; Vaughn, Michael; Golubjatnikov, R; Pfister, John; Kurtycz, Daniel F.I.; Davis, Jeffrey P.

doi:10.1097/00007435-199007000-00006

Cited by 36 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Use of a barrier method was shown to be associated with reduced risk of infection compared with the use of other methods of contraception in two of five studies in females (33,54,70,71,87). Compared with no contraceptives, use of a barrier method was protective against chlamydia for females in three of five studies (32,69,81,88,89).…”

Section: Risk Factors For Genital Chlamydial Infectionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Current pregnancy was associated with a 1.4-to 1.8-fold risk of being infected in three studies (50,88,89); not only does it indicate inconsistent or nonuse of contraceptives, this relationship has also been attributed to increased hormonal levels and lower immunity during pregnancy (77). However, the results for a history of pregnancy were mixed -two studies found that nulliparity was protective against infection (35,51), and two found it to be associated with an increased risk of the infection (55,77), while Addiss et al (87) found that women with one child or no children were at five times greater risk for chlamydia than women with two or more children. This may be due to involuntary infertility following 'silent' chlamydial PID.…”

Section: Other Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Users of OCP may also be less likely to use barrier contraceptives. OCP users tend to have higher prevalences of infection compared with nonusers, but this association is not significant after adjusting for other variables in the majority of studies reviewed (24,32,33,51,55,56,72,81,87,(90)(91)(92)94,95,103,104). Only two studies found that oral contraceptive users were significantly more likely to have chlamydia than nonusers after controlling for other risk factors (69,79), while Mosure et al (89) found that OCP users had a 20% decreased risk of being infected with chlamydia compared with females who did not use any method of contraception.…”

Section: Risk Factors For Genital Chlamydial Infectionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Risk factors for genital chlamydial infection

Navarro

Jolly²,

Nair³

et al. 2003

J Sex Reprod Med

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OBJECTIVE:To discuss the occurrence of genital chlamydia in developed countries and review the literature assessing the potential risk factors for this sexually transmitted disease. DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE search was performed for all English citations from 1985 to 2000 that contain the keywords "Chlamydia trachomatis", "chlamydial infections", "risk factors" and "sex behaviour". All relevant references cited in articles that were obtained from the search were also included. DATA EXTRACTION: All articles obtained from the above sources were examined, and were included in the review if they met the following criteria: primary study examining sociodemographic or behavioural risk factors associated with genital chlamydial infection using multivariate analysis; study subjects 12 years of age and older; and study setting in a developed country. DATA SYNTHESIS AND CONCLUSIONS:Genital chlamydial infection has become the most commonly reported bacterial infection in North America over the past decade. Thirty-eight cross-sectional studies and six cohort studies were included in the present review. Most studies demonstrated that young men and women are at higher risk of being infected with chlamydia than older subjects. Chlamydia seems to be found in a diverse group of people, and unlike gonorrhea, is not concentrated in low income, minority core groups with high rates of partner change. However, a number of studies have shown that communities with well-established control programs are beginning to demonstrate this pattern. There is no clear evidence that chlamydia is associated with type of partners, contraceptive use, or age at first intercourse. Future research should follow this sexually transmitted disease as it evolves through the epidemiological stages to ensure that preventive and treatment services are reaching those people who are most likely to be infected.

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Section: Risk Factors For Genital Chlamydial Infectionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Other Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Risk Factors For Genital Chlamydial Infectionmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Risk factors for genital chlamydial infection

Navarro

Jolly²,

Nair³

et al. 2003

J Sex Reprod Med

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“…5,6,[17][18][19] Two of the 5 combined data from primary care sites with specialty sites such as family planning and obstetrics/gynecology clinics, 18,19 and only 3 of the studies collected data on women under 18 years old. 5,6,19 Of those 3, only 1 provided prevalence figures for age strata under 25 years (13% in 15-19 year olds and 6% in 20 -24-yearolds), 6 and used highly selective enrollment criteria for participants under 18 years old. One study reported a GC infection prevalence of 2.3% in 15-to by guest on May 9, 2018 http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/ Downloaded from 44-year-old patients of private physicians' offices and 3% in patients aged 15 to 19 years old from a combination of primary care and specialty sites.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infection in Pediatric Private Practice

2001

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ABSTRACT. Background. Universal screening of sexually active adolescents for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) has been recommended in settings in which prevalence is 2% or greater. Although believed to be above 2%, the prevalence of CT and GC infection in private practice settings has not been clearly established and may affect screening practices.Objectives. To determine CT and GC infection prevalence in 2 pediatric private practices.Design. Cross-sectional study. Setting. Two pediatric private practices in suburban North Carolina.Patients. Convenience sample of patients aged 15 to 24 years who were seen from August 1998 through June 1999. Main Outcome Measures. Prevalence of CT and GC infection.Results. Of 1114 eligible patients, 803 (72%) completed questionnaires and provided urine specimens tested for CT and GC infection using ligase chain reaction assays. Mean age was 17.1 years (standard deviation: 1.8). Most participants were female (63%), white (87%), and from highly educated families (64% of their mothers graduated from college). Sexual activity was reported by 41%. Prevalence of CT infection in all participants was 0.9% (confidence interval [CI]: 0.4%-1.8%); in sexually active participants, 2.1% (CI: 0.9%-4.3%); in sexually active females, 2.7% (CI: 1.0%-5.7%); and in sexually active males, 0.9% (CI: 0.0%-5.1%). One case of GC infection was found.Conclusions. The prevalence of CT and GC infection in this private practice population was much lower than reported in other settings. Screening recommendations may need to be reassessed if other low prevalence populations are found. Pediatrics 2001;108(6). URL: http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/108/6/e103; Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, pediatrics, primary health care, diagnosis/screening, practice guidelines, sexually transmitted diseases, adolescence.ABBREVIATIONS. CT, Chlamydia trachomatis; GC, Neisseria gonorrhoeae; STD, sexually transmitted disease; CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; LCR, ligase chain reaction; CI, confidence interval.C hlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) genital infections cause serious and costly sequelae, such as pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility. 1 In the United States, the strongest demographic predictor of infection with CT and GC is age, with most infections diagnosed in adolescents and young adults under 25 years of age. 1 Most recent US studies have reported the prevalence of CT infection in adolescent patients seen in sexually transmitted disease (STD), family planning, detention center, and school clinics to be in the range of 6% to 10%, 2-7 but prevalences as high as 24% have been reported in some settings. 2,8 GC infections are less prevalent but still cause significant morbidity. 1,9 Both the US Preventive Services Task Force and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend routine screening of sexually active female adolescents and high-risk women for CT infection. 10,11 The CDC also recommends screening sexually...

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“…Nos Estados Unidos, uma variedade de estudos realizados têm demonstrado que as infecções por clamídia e gonococo têm alta prevalência entre as usuárias de planejamento familiar, variando de 4,5% a 12,4% para a clamídia 1,2 e 0,5% para a gonorréia 1 . Devido ao fato de a infecção por clamídia quando não tratada poder apresentar graves conseqüências, como a doença inflamatória pélvica, infertilidade e transmissão neonatal 3 , as normas padrões dos serviços de planejamento familiar nos Estados Unidos foram expandidas para incluir o exame de rotina para essas doenças.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified