Chlamydia Pneumoniae Infection-Associated Erythema Multiforme

Abstract

There is a well-known correlation between Herpes simplex (HSV) infection and erythema multiforme (EM). More recently, in Japan, it was found that Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cp) may promote the development of EM. All cases of Cp infection-associated EM that had been diagnosed in our clinic over the past two years (from 2011 to 2012) were analyzed. Cp infection was diagnosed on the basis of a significant increase (>2.00) in anti-Cp IgM titers, as measured by the HITAZYME-ELISA test. There were 7 cases of Cp-EM, one male and 6 females. Median age was 13 years (range 3-29 years). It is recommended that the possible involvement of Cp infection, besides HSV or Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections, should be considered in all cases of EM.

Borrelia and Chlamydia can form mixed biofilms in infected human skin tissues

“…Another example for skin infections, which can be caused by Borrelia or Chlamydia , is erythema nodosum, a condition leading to skin inflammation with painful, red deep-seated nodules [62, 85]. The skin condition erythema multiforme has been also associated with Borrelia and C. pneumoniae infections [86, 87].…”

Immunoglobulin A vasculitis induced by atypical pneumonia infection with Chlamydophila pneumonia

“…Bacterial pathogens that cause atypical pneumonia have been linked to numerous forms of skin manifestations. Both Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection have been reported with erythema nodosum, erythema multiforme, urticaria, the relatively new diagnosis Mycoplasma -induced rash and mucositis (MIRM), and various vasculitides [5] , [6] , [7] , [8] , [9] . Regarding IgA vasculitis (IgAV), infection is a common trigger.…”

Pneumonia Induced Childhood Erythema Multiforme Minor: A Case Report

“…Other viral infections such as varicella zoster virus and Epstein-Barr virus can also trigger EM in children [3]. Cases induced by Mycoplasma pneumoniae and other bacterial infections have also been reported [4].…”