Chlamydia cell biology and pathogenesis

Elwell, Cherilyn A.; Mirrashidi, Kathleen M.; Engel, Joanne N.

doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2016.30

Cited by 485 publications

(591 citation statements)

References 169 publications

(311 reference statements)

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“…In line with the majority of recent publications in the field, we are using the single genus “ Chlamydia” in this paper. In 2014, two new species were identified [28], Chlamydia avium and Chlamydia gallinacea , and recent sources indicate that there are 11 Chlamydia species [1,29]. Although, research continues in this field and a 2015 review covering the past twenty years of research into chlamydia-like organisms identifies 15 Chlamydia species in the Chlamydiaceae family (Figure 1) [1].…”

Section: Overview Of Chlamydiaceaementioning

confidence: 99%

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Natural Products for the Treatment of Chlamydiaceae Infections

et al. 2016

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Due to the global prevalence of Chlamydiae, exploring studies of diverse antichlamydial compounds is important in the development of effective treatment strategies and global infectious disease management. Chlamydiaceae is the most widely known bacterial family of the Chlamydiae order. Among the species in the family Chlamydiaceae, Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia pneumoniae cause common human diseases, while Chlamydia abortus, Chlamydia psittaci, and Chlamydia suis represent zoonotic threats or are endemic in human food sources. Although chlamydial infections are currently manageable in human populations, chlamydial infections in livestock are endemic and there is significant difficulty achieving effective treatment. To combat the spread of Chlamydiaceae in humans and other hosts, improved methods for treatment and prevention of infection are needed. There exist various studies exploring the potential of natural products for developing new antichlamydial treatment modalities. Polyphenolic compounds can inhibit chlamydial growth by membrane disruption, reestablishment of host cell apoptosis, or improving host immune system detection. Fatty acids, monoglycerides, and lipids can disrupt the cell membranes of infective chlamydial elementary bodies (EBs). Peptides can disrupt the cell membranes of chlamydial EBs, and transferrins can inhibit chlamydial EBs from attachment to and permeation through the membranes of host cells. Cellular metabolites and probiotic bacteria can inhibit chlamydial infection by modulating host immune responses and directly inhibiting chlamydial growth. Finally, early stage clinical trials indicate that polyherbal formulations can be effective in treating chlamydial infections. Herein, we review an important body of literature in the field of antichlamydial research.

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Section: Overview Of Chlamydiaceaementioning

confidence: 99%

“…After 30–48 h, the new RBs condense to form new EBs. The host cell then lyses, releasing the elementary bodies [29]. …”

Section: Overview Of Chlamydiaceaementioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Products for the Treatment of Chlamydiaceae Infections

et al. 2016

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“…All Chlamydia species share a common intracellular developmental cycle in which they alternate between an infectious, spore-like elementary body (EB), and a non-infectious, metabolically active reticulate body (RB) (Bastidas et al, 2013; Elwell et al, 2016). Upon entry into non-phagocytic cells, the EB resides within a membrane-bound compartment—the inclusion—and quickly diverges from the canonical endo-lysosomal pathway.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As obligate intracellular pathogens, Chlamydiae are absolutely reliant on altering host cell trafficking to scavenge nutrients while avoiding lysosomal fusion and recognition by the host innate immune system (Bastidas et al, 2013; Elwell et al, 2016). The Chlamydia inclusion maintains an intimate interaction with multiple host cell compartments and organelles, including the Golgi, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria, endosomes, and lipid droplets (Bastidas et al, 2013; Elwell et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlamydia interfere with an interaction between the mannose-6-phosphate receptor and sorting nexins to counteract host restriction

Elwell

Czudnochowski

Dollen

et al. 2017

eLife

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Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular pathogen that resides in a membrane-bound compartment, the inclusion. The bacteria secrete a unique class of proteins, Incs, which insert into the inclusion membrane and modulate the host-bacterium interface. We previously reported that IncE binds specifically to the Sorting Nexin 5 Phox domain (SNX5-PX) and disrupts retromer trafficking. Here, we present the crystal structure of the SNX5-PX:IncE complex, showing IncE bound to a unique and highly conserved hydrophobic groove on SNX5. Mutagenesis of the SNX5-PX:IncE binding surface disrupts a previously unsuspected interaction between SNX5 and the cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor (CI-MPR). Addition of IncE peptide inhibits the interaction of CI-MPR with SNX5. Finally, C. trachomatis infection interferes with the SNX5:CI-MPR interaction, suggesting that IncE and CI-MPR are dependent on the same binding surface on SNX5. Our results provide new insights into retromer assembly and underscore the power of using pathogens to discover disease-related cell biology.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.22709.001

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“…Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common causative agent of sexually transmitted infections and the leading infectious cause of eye disease worldwide [1, 2]. Untreated C. trachomatis infections of the female genital tract can lead to serious complications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro Antichlamydial Activity of 1,2,3,5-Tetrasubstituted Pyrrole Derivatives

et al. 2018

Chemotherapy

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Background: Chlamydia is a group of bacterial pathogens distributed worldwide that can lead to serious reproductive and other health problems. The rise of antibiotic-resistant pathogens promotes the development of novel antichlamydial agents. The aim of this study is to assess in vitro antichlamydial activity of our previously synthesized 1,2,3,5- tetrasubstituted pyrroles. Methods: The derivatives were screened for their antichlamydial activity against three Chlamydia strains by calculating IC₅₀ values using concentration-response inhibition data between 1 and 32 μM. The action of the compounds on Chlamydia elementary body (EB) infectivity and the impact of the chemicals’ administration time on their antichlamydial effect were evaluated to reveal the inhibitory mechanism. Results: Some of the compounds moderately inhibited the Chlamydia strains. Compound 10 exhibited the strongest inhibitory activity, with IC₅₀ values from 4.34 to 5.83 μM. These pyrrole derivatives inhibited Chlamydia infection by reducing EB infectivity during the early stage and disturbing Chlamydia growth by targeting the early-to-middle stage prior to 12 h of the chlamydial life cycle. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the potential of 1,2,3,5-tetrasubstituted pyrrole derivatives as promising lead molecules for the development of antichlamydial agents.

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Chlamydia cell biology and pathogenesis

Cited by 485 publications

References 169 publications

Natural Products for the Treatment of Chlamydiaceae Infections

Natural Products for the Treatment of Chlamydiaceae Infections

Chlamydia interfere with an interaction between the mannose-6-phosphate receptor and sorting nexins to counteract host restriction

In vitro Antichlamydial Activity of 1,2,3,5-Tetrasubstituted Pyrrole Derivatives

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