Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Screening Using Urine-Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Testing Among Males Entering New York City Jails

Abstract

This article describes a pilot screening program to detect Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ng) sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in adolescent and adult males newly incarcerated in New York City jails using urine-based nucleic acid amplification technology (NAAT). Between December 8 and 22, 2003, 2,417 males were tested; 162 (6.7%) were found positive for Ct and/or Ng STIs, with 138 (86.8%) exhibiting no STI signs or symptoms and 102 (63%) treated prior to jail release. Younger age, positive urine leukocyte esterase test, and ≥11 recent sex partners were predictors of STI. Urine-based screening and treatment was feasible in this setting and identified STI that would otherwise have been undetected. Jails may thus be important venues for targeted male STI screening.

Active Case Finding for Communicable Diseases in Prison Settings: Increasing Testing Coverage and Uptake Among the Prison Population in the European Union/European Economic Area

“…Opt-out testing was only described in studies conducted outside the EU/EEA and exclusively as a modality for HIV active case finding ( 13 , 29 ). Client-initiated testing was described as a complementary approach to opt-in offered during imprisonment for HIV ( 47 , 53 ) or reported as comparator in a few additional studies investigating the effect of different testing modalities for HCV ( 35 , 45 ), HIV ( 13 ), and STIs ( 31 , 85 – 89 ).…”

“…Testing-results notification was mainly reported for HIV, and this frequently was high as 100% at least for HIV-positive individuals ( 13 , 42 , 49 , 84 ). In 15 studies, researchers reported on treatment initiation after diagnosis for HIV ( 46 , 60 , 64 , 68 ), STIs ( 31 , 46 , 54 , 56 , 85 , 90 ), and TB ( 57 , 70 – 72 , 100 ). The reported rates were variable (23%–100%), with treatment rates for LTBI being at the lower end of the range (23%–58%), whereas treatment ranges for active TB were higher (87%–100%).…”

Test Positivity for Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, and Syphilis Infection Among a Cohort of Individuals Released From Jail in Marion County, Indiana

“…1 Several studies show that individuals entering jail have a high prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STI) 2–4 ; however, there are few data on STI positivity among this population following release. Given the current limitations of jail-based STI services, 5 it is likely that a portion of STI positivity in the post-incarceration period reflects untreated or undiagnosed STI acquired prior to or during incarceration as well as STI acquired post-release.…”

Public Health and Vulnerable Populations

“…In the United States, ever-incarcerated people have higher rates of HIV, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), tuberculosis (TB), and all-cause mortality compared with the general population (Baillargeon & Bradshaw, 2003; Binswanger et al, 2007; Hammett, Harmon, & Rhodes, 2002; Massoglia, 2008; Mertz, Voigt, Hutchins, Levine, & the Jail STD Prevalence Monitoring Group, 2002; National Commission on Correctional Health Care, 2002; White et al, 2001). Ever-incarcerated individuals often report behaviors associated with increased morbidity and mortality, such as having multiple sex partners and unprotected sex, intravenous drug use, and being homeless (Begier et al, 2010; Franklin, Kaytal, Mahajan, & Parvez, 2012; Parvez, Kaytal, Alper, Leibowitz, & Venters, 2013). Risk taking behaviors upon release from incarceration may contribute to disease transmission during the community reentry period (Morrow, Eldridge, Nealey-Moore, Grinstead, & The Project START Study Group, 2007), along with an increased risk of death often related to drug use after a period of abstinence (Binswanger et al, 2007; Lim et al, 2012; Rosen, Schoenbach, & Wohl, 2008).…”