Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Prevalence and Treatment in Detained Youths: Strategies for Improvement

Francisco-Natanauan, Pia; Leatherman-Arkus, Nohea; Pantell, Robert H.

doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.09.041

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In a study on the public health impact of HIV and other STI in Ethiopia, the prevalence of syphilis among HIV-positive adults was 13.4% (17.4% among men and 11.5% among women), and of active syphilis was 2.6% (5.0% among men and 1.4% among women) [ 15 ]. The syphilis prevention and control strategy (2016–2021) set by the WHO aims to eliminate congenital syphilis by screening and treating pregnant women and specific populations such as those at risk and KP and priority populations (PP)- [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of syphilis and associated factors among female sex workers in Ethiopia: findings from a multilevel analysis of a national bio-behavioral survey

et al. 2023

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Background Syphilis is a highly contagious sexually transmitted infection posing a significant public health challenge, especially in developing countries, including sub-Saharan Africa. Female sex workers are exposed to sexually transmitted infections, including syphilis, because of their sexual behavior and limited access to health services. However, data on national syphilis prevalence estimates and the associated factors are scarce in Ethiopia. This, as well as our limited knowledge about the extent of clustering among female sex workers in the country, is a critical gap in information we aimed to fill through this analysis. Methods The study was a cross-sectional, bio-behavioral survey conducted among female sex workers in six cities and ten major towns in Ethiopia. Participants were selected using a respondent-driven sampling method. Survey participants provided blood samples for syphilis, HIV, and hepatitis serological testing. Survey data were collected via an interviewer-administered questionnaire. In this analysis, we employed descriptive statistics to summarize data on the study variables. In addition, we used multilevel bivariable and multivariable logistic regression models to examine the association between independent variables and the dependent variable (syphilis prevalence) while accounting for the clustering effect. Result A total of 6085 female sex workers participated in the survey. Their median age [Interquartile Range (IQR) was 25 (8)] years, and a majority (96.1%) were in the 20–24-year-old age group. The prevalence of syphilis among female sex workers in Ethiopia’s six cities and ten major towns was 6.2%. Being in the age group of 30–34 (AOR = 2.64; 95% CI = 1.40, 4.98) and 35–59 (AOR = 4.7; 95% CI = 2.5, 8.86), being divorced/widowed (AOR = 1.37; 95% CI = 1.03, 1.82), having no formal education (AOR = 3.38; 95% CI = 2.34, 5.11), primary 1st cycle (grades 1–4) education (AOR = 2.77; 95% CI = 1.79, 4.30), and having primary 2nd cycle (grades 5–8) education (AOR = 1.80; 95% CI = 1.21, 2.69) were significantly associated with syphilis among female sex workers. Conclusion The prevalence of syphilis among female sex workers was high. Being divorced/widowed or in the older age group and having a low level of education were significantly associated with an increased risk of syphilis. The high prevalence and associated factors identified need to be considered in planning comprehensive interventions to control syphilis among female sex workers in Ethiopia.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of syphilis and associated factors among female sex workers in Ethiopia: findings from a multilevel analysis of a national bio-behavioral survey

et al. 2023

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“…Particularly, within bacterial infections, C. trachomatis is the most common. 16 There are few Cuban studies using NAATs that estimate the frequency of CT infection, either by conventional PCR or by real-time PCR. Previous Cuban studies have been conducted in adult patients with a history of infertility, HIV seropositivity, or with symptoms of urogenital tract diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlamydia trachomatis infection in Cuban adolescent and young populations

Soto Brito,

Fonseca Castro,

Guilarte Garcia

et al. 2023

Int J STD AIDS

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Background In Cuba, little is known regarding the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection in adolescents and young people. We study the frequency of CT infection in these populations, and its association with clinical-epidemiological variables. Methods A total of 496 individuals aged 12 to 24 were recruited from November 2018 to November 2019. Of them, 302 were patients attending at sexually transmitted infections (STI) services and 194 were young volunteers. CT detections were carried out by real-time PCR and IgG serology. Results The prevalence of CT using PCR was 9.1% (45/496); 12.3% (37/302) for subjects attending STI service and 4.1% (8/194) for young volunteers, being significantly higher in the first group (OR=3.25; p=.001). CT IgG antibodies was detected in 38.6% (81/210). Individuals from 12 to 17 years old were more likely infected with CT (OR=2.21; p=.010). Infection was associated with the early onset of sexual intercourse, the frequent changing of sexual partners and black ethnicity. Conclusions The results suggest that Cuban adolescents and young populations are at highest risk of acquiring CT infection and developing reproductive complications. The data obtained advise the needs of implementation of a routine CT screening strategy, for timely diagnosis, detection and treatment at the earliest ages.

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“…Briefly, in the case of adolescents and adults, the most common subsets of CT and NG infected patients, CDC guidelines for CT treatment recommends doxycycline 100 mg orally, twice daily for 7 days. The alternative regimens are based on azithromycin 1 g orally, in a single dose, or levofloxacin 500 mg orally, once a day for 7 days [79,80]. In the case of NG infections, the CDC guidelines recommends following the regimen of a single 500 mg intramuscular dose of ceftriaxone.…”

Section: Challenges and Opportunities Of The Current Therapeutic Weaponsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlamydial and Gonococcal Genital Infections: A Narrative Review

Rodrigues

Vieira‐Baptista

Catalão

et al. 2023

JPM

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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) constitute one of the leading causes of disease burden worldwide, leading to considerable morbidity, mortality, health expenditures, and stigma. Of note are the most common bacterial STIs, chlamydial and gonococcal infections, whose etiological agents are Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), respectively. Despite being usually asymptomatic, in some cases these infections can be associated with long-term severe complications, such as pelvic inflammatory disease, chronic pelvic pain, infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and increased risk of other STIs acquisition. As the symptoms, when present, are usually similar in both infections, and in most of the cases these infections co-occur, the dual-test strategy, searching for both pathogens, should be preferred. In line with this, herein we focus on the main aspects of CT and NG infections, the clinical symptoms as well as the appropriate state-of-the-art diagnostic tests and treatment. Cost-effective strategies for controlling CT and NG infections worldwide are addressed. The treatment for both infections is based on antibiotics. However, the continuing global rise in the incidence of these infections, concomitantly with the increased risk of antibiotics resistance, leads to difficulties in their control, particularly in the case of NG infections. We also discuss the potential mechanism of tumorigenesis related to CT infections. The molecular bases of CT and NG infections are addressed, as they should provide clues for control or eradication, through the development of new drugs and/or effective vaccines against these pathogens.

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Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Prevalence and Treatment in Detained Youths: Strategies for Improvement

Cited by 8 publications

References 29 publications

Prevalence of syphilis and associated factors among female sex workers in Ethiopia: findings from a multilevel analysis of a national bio-behavioral survey

Prevalence of syphilis and associated factors among female sex workers in Ethiopia: findings from a multilevel analysis of a national bio-behavioral survey

Chlamydia trachomatis infection in Cuban adolescent and young populations

Chlamydial and Gonococcal Genital Infections: A Narrative Review

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