Chladni Solitons and the Onset of the Snaking Instability for Dark Solitons in Confined Superfluids

Mateo, A. Muñoz; Brand, Joachim

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.113.255302

Cited by 48 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…3, and it resembles the Φ soliton recently proposed in Ref. [15]. At even later times, the ring part of this exotic defect progressively disintegrates (as seen at t ¼ 95 ms and 400 ms in Fig.…”

supporting

confidence: 80%

“…In conclusion, we have observed a cascade of solitonic excitations in a strongly interacting Fermi superfluid, from an initial planar dark soliton towards a final, remnant solitonic vortex, through an intermediate ring structure resembling the recently predicted Φ soliton [15]. At the origin of the cascade lies the snaking instability, which we characterized quantitatively by studying the evolution of transverse Fourier modes.…”

supporting

confidence: 50%

“…Solitonic excitations, indeed, follow a well-defined hierarchy in terms of stability and energy cost in three dimensions, the planar soliton being the most energetic and unstable towards the formation of other solitary waves [10][11][12][13][14][15]. In weakly interacting BECs, dark solitons have been observed decaying into vortex rings and vortices [16][17][18][19][20] as a consequence of the snake instability, the undulation of the soliton plane [10].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Cascade of Solitonic Excitations in a Superfluid Fermi gas: From Planar Solitons to Vortex Rings and Lines

et al. 2016

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We follow the time evolution of a superfluid Fermi gas of resonantly interacting 6 Li atoms after a phase imprint. Via tomographic imaging, we observe the formation of a planar dark soliton, its subsequent snaking, and its decay into a vortex ring, which, in turn, breaks to finally leave behind a single solitonic vortex. In intermediate stages, we find evidence for an exotic structure resembling the Φ soliton, a combination of a vortex ring and a vortex line. Direct imaging of the nodal surface reveals its undulation dynamics and its decay via the puncture of the initial soliton plane. The observed evolution of the nodal surface represents dynamics beyond superfluid hydrodynamics, calling for a microscopic description of unitary fermionic superfluids out of equilibrium.

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confidence: 80%

supporting

confidence: 50%

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confidence: 99%

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Cascade of Solitonic Excitations in a Superfluid Fermi gas: From Planar Solitons to Vortex Rings and Lines

et al. 2016

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“…In trapped superfluids, Chladni solitons [16] emerge from the decay of three-dimensional kinks, as a result of the excitation of standing waves on the nodal plane of the kink. Such waves produce patterns of vorticity along the nodal lines of the transverse modes in analogy to the Chladni figures visualising the nodal lines of plate vibration modes [17].…”

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confidence: 99%

Stability and dispersion relations of three-dimensional solitary waves in trapped Bose–Einstein condensates

Mateo

Brand

2015

New J. Phys.

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We analyse the dynamical properties of three-dimensional solitary waves in cylindrically trapped Bose-Einstein condensates. Families of solitary waves bifurcate from the planar dark soliton and include the solitonic vortex, the vortex ring and more complex structures of intersecting vortex lines known collectively as Chladni solitons. The particle-like dynamics of these guided solitary waves provides potentially profitable features for their implementation in atomtronic circuits, and play a key role in the generation of metastable loop currents. Based on the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation we calculate the dispersion relations of moving solitary waves and their modes of dynamical instability. The dispersion relations reveal a complex crossing and bifurcation scenario. For stationary structures we find that for 2.65  m w > the solitonic vortex is the only stable solitary wave. More complex Chladni solitons still have weaker instabilities than planar dark solitons and may be seen as transient structures in experiments. Fully time-dependent simulations illustrate typical decay scenarios, which may result in the generation of multiple separated solitonic vortices.

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“…Solitons and quantized vortices are fundamental excitations of non-linear media and play a key role in superfluid dynamics [1]. In anisotropic geometries, the energetically favored defects are solitonic vortices, characterized by a non-circular velocity field which nevertheless presents non-zero circulation [2,3]. The investigation of their dynamics has been initiated by recent experiments where they were created either deterministically by phase imprinting [4], or spontaneously in a system which is quickly driven through a phase transition [5].…”

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confidence: 99%

Shortcut to Adiabaticity for an Anisotropic Gas Containing Quantum Defects

Papoular

Stringari

2015

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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We present a Shortcut To Adiabaticity (STA) protocol applicable to 3D unitary Fermi gases and 2D weakly-interacting Bose gases containing defects such as vortices or solitons. Our protocol relies on a new class of exact scaling solutions in the presence of anisotropic time-dependent harmonic traps. It connects stationary states in initial and final traps having the same frequency ratios. The resulting scaling laws exhibit a universal form and also apply to the classical Boltzmann gas. The duration of the STA can be made very short so as to realize a quantum quench from one stationary state to another. When applied to an anisotropically trapped superfluid gas, the STA conserves the shape of the quantum defects hosted by the cloud, thereby acting like a perfect microscope, which sharply constrasts with their strong distortion occurring during the free expansion of the cloud. Solitons and quantized vortices are fundamental excitations of non-linear media and play a key role in superfluid dynamics [1]. In anisotropic geometries, the energetically favored defects are solitonic vortices, characterized by a non-circular velocity field which nevertheless presents non-zero circulation [2,3]. The investigation of their dynamics has been initiated by recent experiments where they were created either deterministically by phase imprinting [4], or spontaneously in a system which is quickly driven through a phase transition [5]. These defects exhibit intricate dynamics and decay mechanisms. For example, the snake instability [6], which affects solitons in 2D and in 3D, can lead to the creation of a solitonic vortex, a process which is likely to have played a role in [7]. The size of these defects is set by the healing length [8, chap. 5], which is too small to allow for in-situ observation. Up to now they have always been observed after the free expansion of the cloud, which increases the core dimensions. However, in the anisotropic case, the free expansion strongly distorts the cloud, and its use in the presence of a solitonic vortex leads to an involved density profile sporting a twisted nodal line [9].An alternative to free expansion is provided by the recent Shortcut To Adiabaticity (STA) schemes [10,11], which reversibly evolve a many-body system from one state to another, reaching the same target state as an adiabatic transformation in a much shorter time over which decoherence and losses are minimal. They allow for the manipulation of the momentum spread of a wavepacket without the time constraints of delta kick cooling [12,13]. They can be formulated as counterdiabatic driving [14,15]. They are being considered for the preparation of many-body states [16][17][18], they have motivated an exploration of the quantum speed limit [19] and reflection on the third law of thermodynamics [20].The construction of an STA relies on the existence of a scaling solution to the equation describing the manybody dynamics of the system in a time-dependent trap. Such a solution exists for the ideal gas in a harmonic trap and has been used...

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Chladni Solitons and the Onset of the Snaking Instability for Dark Solitons in Confined Superfluids

Cited by 48 publications

References 43 publications

Cascade of Solitonic Excitations in a Superfluid Fermi gas: From Planar Solitons to Vortex Rings and Lines

Cascade of Solitonic Excitations in a Superfluid Fermi gas: From Planar Solitons to Vortex Rings and Lines

Stability and dispersion relations of three-dimensional solitary waves in trapped Bose–Einstein condensates

Shortcut to Adiabaticity for an Anisotropic Gas Containing Quantum Defects

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