Chitotriosidase as a possible marker of clinically evidenced atherosclerosis in dyslipidemic children

Abstract

A correlation has been clearly shown between inflammation markers and subclinical atherosclerosis markers in the early stages of atherogenesis in subjects with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). The aim of this study was to investigate potential inflammation markers in the diagnosis of atherosclerosis in children with FH. A total of 48 dyslipidemic children and 24 healthy age-matched control subjects were taken into study. Inflammation and macrophage activation markers (hsCRP, myeloperoxidase, chitotriosidase, YKL-40, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-18, MMP-1 and MMP-9) and lipid parameters of all patients were measured. Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) levels were determined. Our data suggested that clinically evidenced (by cIMT and FMD levels) atherosclerosis starts in the early ages in hypercholesterolemic children. Higher cholesterol levels strongly correlated with macrophage activation markers (ChT, YKL-40 and myeloperoxidase). ChT and YKL-40 seem to be the more predictable markers of atherosclerosis even in early ages (<6 years old) than other classical inflammation markers such as hs-CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α.

Effect of PPAR-γ agonists on macrophage activation in type2 diabetes mellitus

“…Chitotriosidase is an inflammatory protein, but not an acute-phase response protein and is selectively expressed in chronically activated tissue macrophages [18]. Our previous study showed no correlation between CRP and chitotriosidase activity in coronary patients [9]. Malaguernera et al showed that Chitotriosidase activity and the levels of CHIT mRNA increased by stimulation of macrophages with IFN-γ, TNF-α, and LPS [19].…”

“…Since there was no change in the BMI and waist measurements of patients following the treatment, we suggested that elevated TNFα and receptor levels were related to adipocyte mass rather than an inductive effect of hyperglycemia.Interestingly, Rosiglitazone stimulated the macrophage activation determined by an increase in chitotriosidase activity in spite of no change in TNF levels in this study. ChT is synthesized by neutrophilic granulocyte progenitors, and it has been proposed as a biochemical marker of macrophage activation in several lysosomal diseases as well as atherosclerosis [9]. It has been suggested a clear connection between ChT expression and lipid-laden macrophages inside the atherosclerotic vessel wall.…”

“…In vitro serum oxidation was determined by using TBARS directly in plasma samples. TBARS measurements were performed by TBARS solution as described previously [9]. Susceptibility to oxidation of LDL was determined by inducing LDL oxidation via using 5mM CuSO4.…”

Chitotriosidase as a novel biomarker of early atherosclerosis in hemodialysis patients

“…Canudas et al found CHIT‐1 activity was associated with severity of atherosclerotic lesion. CHIT‐1 level was shown to be more effective in predicting atherosclerosis in dyslipidemic children compared to hs‐CRP, IL‐6, and TNF‐α . Also serum CHIT‐1 activity was shown to be a strong marker of coronary artery disease .…”

“…Koloğlu et al identified a relation between serum CHIT‐1 level and lipid levels in dyslipidemic children. However we couldn't identify any relation between CHIT‐1 level and serum lipid levels.…”