Chitosan/Xanthan/Hydroxyapatite-graphene oxide porous scaffold associated with mesenchymal stem cells for dentin-pulp complex regeneration

Abstract

The aim of this paper was to synthesize and characterize polymeric scaffolds of Chitosan/Xanthan/Hydroxyapatite-Graphene Oxide nanocomposite associated with mesenchymal stem cells for regenerative dentistry application. The chitosan-xanthan gum (CX) complex was associated with Hydroxyapatite-Graphene Oxide (HA-GO) nanocomposite with different Graphene Oxides (GO) concentration (0.5 wt%; 1.0 wt%; 1.5 wt%). The scaffolds characterizations were performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contact angle. The mechanical properties were assessed by compressive strength. The in vitro bioactivity and the in vitro cytotoxicity test (MTT test) were analyzed as well. The data was submitted to the Normality and Homogeneity tests. In vitro Indirect Cytotoxicity assay data was statistically analyzed by ANOVA two-way, followed by Tukey’s test (α = 0.05). Compressive strength and contact angle data were statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s test (α = 0.05). XRD showed the presence of Hydroxyapatite (HA) peaks in the structures CXHA, CXHAGO 0.5%,1.0% and 1.5%. FT-IR showed amino and carboxylic bands characteristic of CX. Raman spectroscopy analysis evidenced a high quality of the GO. In the TGA it was observed the mass loss associated with the CX degradation by depolymerization. SEM analysis showed pores in the scaffolds, in addition to HA incorporated and adhered to the polymer. Contact angle test showed that scaffolds have a hydrophilic characteristic, with the CX group the highest contact angle and CXHA the lowest ( p < 0.05). 1.0 wt% GO significantly increased the compressive strength compared to other compositions. In the bioactivity test, the apatite crystals precipitation on the scaffold surface was observed. MTT test showed high cell viability in CXHAGO 1.0% and CXHAGO 1.5% scaffold. CXHAGO scaffolds are promising for regenerative dentistry application because they have morphological characteristics, mechanical and biological properties favorable for the regeneration process.

Cellulose acetate scaffold containing hydroxyapatite/graphene oxide nanocomposite by electrospinning for advanced regenerative therapies

“…It was possible to identify the presence of GO in the fibers, and this finding is consistent with results observed in recent studies. 18,19 The bands around 1339 cm −1 in the scaffold, which contain GO in their composition, correspond to the D band, while the bands around 1594 cm −1 represent the G band. These bands are slightly shifted compared to the initial study of HAGO by Lopes et al 17 This displacement of the D and G bands found in GO may be attributed to the state of molecular vibrations and the biomaterial synthesis method.…”

“…The results of the bands presented are similar to those shown in Figure 5(b) and 5(c), corresponding to the spectra of HA and GO particles, which align with peaks previously presented in earlier studies. 16 –19…”

“…32 Our previous studies show that the addition of HA and HAGO in the biomaterial structure improves biological properties, creating a surface that favors the application of these biomaterials in advanced cellular therapies. 11,18,19…”

“…These findings strongly suggest that the incorporation of graphene oxide at the optimal concentration (GO) significantly enhances the cell viability of the material, a trend consistent with the results of our previous investigations. 18,19…”

“…This implies the potential of these scaffolds functionalized with the HAGO nanocomposite in tissue engineering. 18,19,38…”